Theories on Gender Identification and Sex Typing How are they different ?

Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic` »Basic Belief= Sex typing is unavoidable b Environment plays NO role in sex typing

Freud’s Stages of Gender Identification bPbPbPbPHALLIC STAGE= Children become aware of genital differences at age 2 1/2 to 3 b OEDIPAL CONFLICT= b Boys desire Mom b Girls desire dad b Unconscious process b Occurs at age 5

Freud’s Stages of Gender Identification bIbIbIbIDENTIFICATION= Boys and girls act like their same gender parent and become sex typed. bObObObOccurs at age 6 or 7

The Nurture of Gender b Social Learning Theory: b Basic Belief b Modeling or Observation ( Bandura) ( Bandura)( Bandura)( Bandura) b Rewards and Punishments

Social Learning Theory b PARENTS PERCEPTIONS= Parents consciously and unconsciously model gender roles. b Parents CAN promote gender neutral thinking. bPbPEER INFLUENCES bFbFrom school age and up community becomes increasingly important. b“b“Dougie” Story

Cognitive Developmental b Children are active agents of their own socialization b The process is internal/inside pressure b Mental Skills Environment = Gender Role Expectation = Gender Role Expectation

Gender Schema Theory Women are more emotional Women are better at nurturing Women make good nurses and teachers Schema ASSIMILATION Mental vase that you pour information into

Are there only two genders? As Nature Made Him- Extra Credit Book