Week May 27-May 30  Tuesday – Notes on Evolution and receive review sheet for final!  Wednesday – Review flipbook and receive passed back work  Thursday – Review flipbook  Friday – Review and Jeopardy

Yesterday  Turn in what you completed yesterday at the stations.  If you weren’t here, you can come in at lunch on Monday, after school Monday, or Tuesday to complete this!  It is EXTRA CREDIT for everyone!!

 WEEKEND!  What did you do?

 EVOLUTION!  What does that word mean to you?  TURN IN

Charles Darwin  Born Feb 12, 1809 Same day as Abraham Lincoln Same day as Abraham Lincoln  *H.M.S. Beagle - traveled around the world  *Galapagos Islands *Looked at finches – a small song bird *Looked at finches – a small song bird *Also studied turtles on the different islands *Also studied turtles on the different islands  *On trip home came up with his popular book “The Origin of Species”

 During his travels, Darwin made numerous observations and collected evidence that led him to propose a revolutionary hypothesis about the way life changes over time.  *He helped support the THEORY of Evolution.

 *Darwin observed that the characteristics of many animals and plants varied noticeably among the different islands of the Galapagos.  See how the turtles are different on the three different islands.

Did Darwin come up with Evolution?  *Darwin didn’t come up with Evolution, but he did come up with the process that helps describe how evolution occurs  Natural Selection

Evolution Natural Selection

Evolution  *Evolution means a change over time or descent with modification  *It occurs in populations, not individuals in response to environmental pressures  *Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution (the way it happens)

Natural Selection  *Natural Selection: N  *Natural Selection: Nature selects the best adapted varieties to survive and to reproduce. *Individuals with a variation of a trait that gave them an advantage in staying alive longer and to reproduce, which passes these strong traits on to future generations. Example: Galapagos finches with beaks suited to eat cactus got more food in one environment, others with beak shapes able to get nectar from flowers in different environments able to survive and reproduce.

 *Natural selection due to the following reasons: *1. Overproduction – organisms produce more offspring than can survive Fun Facts: A fern plant may produce 50 million spores each year. If they all survived, in the second year they would nearly cover North America. An oyster may shed 114,000,000 eggs in a single spawning season. If they all survived, the ocean would be literally filled with oysters.

Natural Selection  *2. Variation – Within a population there are many differences between organisms. These differences are inherited. Examples: Examples: Color in flowersColor in flowers Length of antlers in elkLength of antlers in elk Height in humansHeight in humans Shape of beak in birdsShape of beak in birds

Natural Selection  *3. Struggle for existence – There are limited resources, so living things must compete against each other to stay alive.  *4. Survival of the fittest – Only the organisms best adapted to the environment will live

Natural Selection  *5. Populations evolve – Over time, the favorable adaptations are passed on and the entire population changes

Artificial Selection  *Artificial selection occurs when humans select the best traits for plants and animals  *(Can you think of examples? Disease-resistant cropsDisease-resistant crops Beefy cattleBeefy cattle Horse racingHorse racing Dog breedingDog breeding Lab testing with rats and mice – putting desired traits within their genesLab testing with rats and mice – putting desired traits within their genes

Adaptations  *Adaptations are genetic changes that increase the survival of a population

Types of Adaptations  *Mimicry – Organisms that copy the appearance of another species for protection

Types of Adaptations  *Camouflage – When an organism blends in to its surroundings