General Surgery Chapter 14

Abdominal Cavity Involves most of the organ systems in the human body Involves most of the organ systems in the human body General dimensions General dimensions Nine regions Nine regions Four quadrants Four quadrants

General Surgery

General Dimensions Abdominal musculature Abdominal musculature Wrapped in fibrous fascia Wrapped in fibrous fascia Peritoneum Peritoneum Lines abdominal cavity and organs Lines abdominal cavity and organs Retroperitoneum Retroperitoneum More of a plane than a space More of a plane than a space 3 Regions 3 Regions

Alimentary Canal Mouth Mouth Pharyngeal portion Pharyngeal portion Esophageal portion Esophageal portion Gastric portion Gastric portion Intestinal portion Intestinal portion

Alimentary Canal What goes in must come out! What goes in must come out!

Small Intestine and Colon

Small intestine Small intestine Begins at pyloric sphincter Begins at pyloric sphincter Duodenum Duodenum Jejunum Jejunum Ileum Ileum Mesenteric small intestine Mesenteric small intestine Colon Colon Cecum Appendix Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending colon Rectum, anus

General Surgery Omenta Omenta Abdominal covering that stores fat and reduces peritoneal infection. Abdominal covering that stores fat and reduces peritoneal infection. Pancreas Pancreas Exocrine/Endocrine organ Exocrine/Endocrine organ Digestive enzymes Digestive enzymes Insulin production Insulin production Spleen Spleen Large mass of lymphatic tissue Large mass of lymphatic tissue Storage of RBC’s Storage of RBC’s

General Surgery Liver Liver Largest organ in the abdomen. Largest organ in the abdomen. Produces bile Produces bile Metabolizes carbs, fats, and proteins. Metabolizes carbs, fats, and proteins. Detoxifies the body. Detoxifies the body. Biliary Tract Biliary Tract Gallbladder, cystic duct, Common Bile duct, Hepatic duct Gallbladder, cystic duct, Common Bile duct, Hepatic duct

General Surgery

Abdominal Incisions Vertical – Median Vertical – Median Midline, subumbilical Midline, subumbilical Vertical – Paramedian Vertical – Paramedian Oblique Oblique Kocher subcostal, McBurneys Kocher subcostal, McBurneys Transverse Transverse Lower transverse (pfannenstiel) Lower transverse (pfannenstiel)

General Surgery

Surgical Procedures

Common Surgical Procedures Hernia repair Hernia repair Appendectomy Appendectomy Hemorrhoidectomy Hemorrhoidectomy Cholecystectomy Cholecystectomy Biopsy procedures Biopsy procedures Thyroidectomy Thyroidectomy

Other Surgical Procedures Laparoscopic nissen fundoplication Laparoscopic nissen fundoplication Gastrostomy Gastrostomy Gastrectomy Gastrectomy Pancreatrectomy Pancreatrectomy Splenectomy Splenectomy Banding and stapling stomach procedures Banding and stapling stomach procedures Bowel resection and anastomosis Bowel resection and anastomosis

General Surgery

Vascular and Other Procedures Varicose veins Varicose veins Vascular access Vascular access Incision and drainage Incision and drainage Excision of lesions Excision of lesions

Breast Surgery Biopsy/lumpectomy Biopsy/lumpectomy Segmental resection Segmental resection Axillary dissection Axillary dissection Radical and modified radical mastectomy Radical and modified radical mastectomy

Thyroid Surgery Thyroidectomy Thyroidectomy Tracheotomy Tracheotomy

General Surgery QUESTIONS? QUESTIONS?