Introduction to Anatomy KNR 181 Lab Introduction to Anatomy

Lab Objectives Students will be presented information related to two human systems: The Skeletal System Students will be able to identify and locate individual bones and landmarks of the skeleton The Muscular System Students will be able to identify and locate skeletal muscles, and name correct origin, insertion, and actions of each muscle.

Lab Activities Presentation of material by instructor In-class study by students using: Primal software on computers Textbooks Articulated and unarticulated bones Muscle models Lab handouts, study guides, etc. Out-of-class study by students PLEASE NOTE: This is absolutely essential !

Grading for the Lab There will be Three exams over the skeletal system, and Three exams over the muscular system. Each will range between 45-65 points. There will be several quizzes, some un-announced, some may be “bonus” quizzes There will be several assignments, some for extra-credit. Your grade is determined by the percentage of the total points available. This accounts for 40% of your overall grade in 181.

Study materials to use Any Anatomy text will do…just get one and use it! Use the Marieb text for overview of information and reference, use Web page Use a text with illustrated pictures of skeleton and bones Use a text with illustrations of skeletal muscles Primal software is available during class, or come to open Labs

Other helpful hints Get a study partner…and study at least two hours per week. Use whatever study materials you find useful. Come in to the open Lab sessions. Ask questions! Don’t procrastinate. Don’t expect it to be easy. Memorization of LOTS of information never is!

Anatomical terminology Anatomical position Standing erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from the body. Axial Division of the body making up the head, neck, and trunk Appendicular Division of the body consisting of the limbs or appendages (arms and legs)

Anatomical Directions Superior/Inferior: Upper part of a structure/lower part of a structure (top vs. bottom) Anterior/Posterior: The front of the body (ventral), the back of the body (dorsal) Medial/Lateral: Towards the mid-line (inside), away from the mid-line (outside) Intermediate: Between a medial and lateral structure

Anatomical Directions Proximal/Distal: Closer to the origin of a body part, away from the origin of a body part Superficial/Deep Towards or at body surface, away from the body surface (more internal)

General terms for features of bones Body: the main part of a bone Head: an enlarged end of a bone Neck: a narrow area below the head Margin or border: an edge of a bone Angle: a part of a bone that has a bend Ramus: a branch or bridge off the body Condyle: a smooth, rounded, articular (joint) surface Epicondyle: near or above a condyle

General terms for features of bones Facet: a small, flattened articular surface Line or linea: a low ridge Crest or crista: a prominent ridge Spine: a very high ridge Process: a prominent projection Tubercle: a small, rounded process (lump) Tuberosity: a larger, knoblike process Foramen: a rounded hole Fossa: a depression