Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air? 2) Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers. 3) What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft? 4) Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns? 5) Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane.

Questions / Comments

Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air? 2) Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers. 3) What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft? 4) Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns? 5) Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane.

 As more and more bombing raids took place, clear need for control of the air was needed.  Fighter or pursuit aircraft were needed to drive off bombers.

Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air? 2) Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers. 3) What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft? 4) Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns? 5) Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane.

 1915 – French pilot – Roland Garros ◦ Mounted an automatic rifle on aircraft ◦ Fired through the propeller ◦ To keep from shooting off propeller, the rear of the propeller was armored with steel plates

 Angled metal guards on the propeller in line with the path of the bullets  The guard is a "V" shaped piece of steel   "U" shaped bullet "gutter" intended to direct the deflected path of the bullet striking it away from the propeller.  sending a ricocheting bullet back into the pilot.  bullet striking the plate could create fractures in the propeller causing it to fail.

Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air? 2) Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers. 3) What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft? 4) Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns? 5) Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane.

 Germans captured Garros and his plane  Dutch – airplane designer – Anthony Fokker improved on design  Fokker designed a machine gun that fired through a spinning propeller  This gave Germans total control over the skies for over a year

Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air? 2) Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers. 3) What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft? 4) Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns? 5) Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane.

 Allies tried to mount a gun to the top of the wing but was ineffective due to increased drag

The Wing-Mounted Gun Solution: Fire above the path of the propeller: Fitted with either drum or clip ammunition feed systems Two issues: Unreliable and prone to jamming difficult task of reloading ammunition or clearing a round from a jammed gun while flying

Utilizing your notes and past knowledge answer the following questions: 1) What type of aircraft led to gaining control of the air? 2) Describe the first type of bullet deflection used on propellers. 3) What influence did the invention of the interrupting gear have on the use of fighter aircraft? 4) Describe the problems associated with the wing mounted machine guns? 5) Describe the first all metal, low wing monoplane.

 May 1918 ◦ German designer Hugo Junkers built world’s first all metal, low-wing monoplane fighter called the Junkers D1 ◦ Arrived too late to make a difference in the war but was the fighter of the future

Questions / Comments

 September 10  1932 — Major J.H. Doolittle sets new world speed record averaging 294 mph over a 3 km course. THIS DAY IN AVIATION

 September 10  1993 — Boeing finishes production of their 1,000 th 747 airplane, 26 years after the 747 program was launched. THIS DAY IN AVIATION

Questions / Comments

SUNDAYMONDAYTUESDAYWEDNESDAYTHURSDAYFRIDAYSATURDAY 31 Chapter 2 Intro 1 Chapter 2 Curtiss 2 Chapter 2 Vin Fiz Progress Rpts Due 3 Chapter 2 Progress in Europe 4 Chapter 2 QUIZ Progress Rpts Sent Home 5 67 NO SCHOOL HOLIDAY 8 Chapter 2 WWI Preparing for War 9 Chapter 2 WWI Fighter Development 10 Chapter 2 WWI Fighter Aces Lafayette Escadrille 11 WWI TEST FltLine Friday “FlyBoys” Chapter 3 IThe Golden Age 15 Chapter 3 The Golden Age 16 Chapter 3 The Golden Age 17 Chapter 3 The Golden Age 18 Chapter 3 QUIZ Progress Rpts Due 2425 Progress Rpts Sent Home September 2015

Questions / Comments

Chapter 2 The Adolescence of Air Power

 Mission:  Describe who developed method for recognizing pilots who shot down enemy aircraft.  What was the term used to describe a pilot that who shot down enemy aircraft?  Describe the difference between the Allied method and German method to determine a fighter ace.  EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between and their impact on future aviation development.

WWI Fighter Aces Fighter

 French developed method for recognizing pilots who shot down enemy aircraft.

 Used the term “ace” for a pilot who shot down five enemy aircraft  The British and the Americans adopted the same criteria

 Germans required10 enemy aircraft downed for “Ace” to be used

WWI Fighter Aces

 USA ◦ Edward V. Rickenbacher (26 Victories) ◦ Oct 8, 1890 – Jul 27, 1973 ◦ 300 combat missions (most of any US pilot) ◦ Medal of Honor recipient ◦ Race car Driver / owner Indianapolis Speedway / Eastern Airlines ◦ Frank Luke (18 victories) ◦ May 19, 1897 – Sep 29, 1918 ◦ Over 17 days – had 18 victories (14/4) ◦ 1 st Medal of Honor recipient ◦ Luke Air Force Base (Phoenix, AZ)

 USA ◦ Raoul Lufbery – (17 victories) ◦ Mar 14, 1885 – May 19, 1918 ◦ Lafayette Escadrille ◦ French Legions of Honor

 France ◦ Rene Fonck– (75 victories – 72/3) ◦ Mar 27, 1894 – Jun 18, 1953 ◦ Ended WWI as top “Allied Ace of Aces” ◦ French Legions of Honor ◦ “I put my bullets into the target as if I placed them there by hand”

 England ◦ Edward Mannock– (61 victories ) ◦ May 24, 1887 – Jul 26, 1918 ◦ Interned by the Turks in prison as a laborer – 1915 ◦ Took to flying - deep hatred for the Germans ◦ “I sent one of them to Hell in flames today – I wish Kaiser Bill could have seen him sizzle.” ◦ British Victoria Cross

 Germany ◦ Manfred von Richtofen– (80 victories ) ◦ May 2, 1892 – Apr 21, 1918 ◦ “Aces of Aces” ◦ “Red Devil” – “Red Knight” ◦ Leader of the “Flying Circus” ◦ British buried him with full military honors Albatros D. III Fokker Dr. I

Nieuport 28 Cockpit

SPAD S. VII Cockpit

Fokker Dr. 1 Cockpit

Fokker D VII Cockpit

F-16 Cockpit

Cessna 172 Cockpit

747 – 400 Cockpit

Airbus 300 Cockpit

 Mission:  Describe the aim of the Lafayette Escadrille when it was formed.  What was the contribution of the Lafayette Escadrille to the war effort?  Describe the squadron mascots of the Lafayette Escadrille and their names?  EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between and their impact on future aviation development.

Lt. Frank Luke Jr. The Arizona Balloon Buster

German Drachen Balloon 14 of 18 kills were balloons

Ace Pilots Class Page

Questions / Comments

The Lafayette Escadrille

Raoul Lufbery

 Before World War I – planes were not considered instruments of combat ◦ Observers, lap-bombers, fighters, dedicated bombers  Dr. Edmund Gros and Norman Prince led efforts to convince French government the value of a volunteer American unit to fight for France  Aim was to influence American stance against neutrality and join the fight

 Stood up spring of 1916 ◦ Escadrille Americaine (number 124) was deployed April 20, 1916 ◦ Germans filed an objection to the name ◦ Changed to Lafayette Escadrille Dec 1916  The aircraft, mechanics, and uniforms were French

Captain Georges Thenault – 1 st commander (French)

Capt Thenault and other Escadrille pilots

The Lafayette Escadrille was from the beginning a pursuit squadron. Originally provided with the Nieuport 11, armed with a single Lewis gun on top of the plane Changed successively to the Vickers-armed Nieuport 17 SPAD S.VII with a single Vickers machinegun and the SPAD S.XIII with the twin-Vickers machinegun. Nieuport 17 SPAD S.VII

Nieuport 11 Lewis Machine Gun

Nieuport 17

Nieuport 28 Cockpit

Vickers Machine Gun SPAD S.VII

SPAD S.XIII in the colors and markings of Capt. Eddie Rickenbacker, U.S. 94th Aero Squadron

SPAD S. VII Cockpit

Fokker D.VII

Fokker D VII Cockpit

Fokker Dr. I

Fokker Dr. 1 Cockpit

On Monday, 18 February 1918, under the provisions of an agreement between the French and American armies, the Lafayette Escadrille became the 103d Aero Squadron- originally known as 103d Pursuit Squadron- United States Army Air Service. During its tenure, the Lafayette Escadrille had officially confirmed 199 German aircraft victories. No major influence on outcome of war.

Of these volunteer pilots, five died of illness; six by accidents in the aviation schools; fifteen were taken prisoners; nineteen were wounded in combat; and, fifty-one were killed over the Front lines. The French government recognized the American volunteers for their heroic achievements in the skies over France with the following: four Legions of Honor, seven Medailles Militaires, and thirty- one citations (each with a Croix de guerre).

 Squadron mascots ◦ Lions – Whiskey and Soda

Questions / Comments

 Mission:  Describe who developed method for recognizing pilots who shot down enemy aircraft.  What was the term used to describe a pilot that who shot down enemy aircraft?  Describe the difference between the Allied method and German method to determine a fighter ace.  EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between and their impact on future aviation development.

 French developed method for recognizing pilots who shot down enemy aircraft.

 Mission:  Describe who developed method for recognizing pilots who shot down enemy aircraft.  What was the term used to describe a pilot that who shot down enemy aircraft?  Describe the difference between the Allied method and German method to determine a fighter ace.  EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between and their impact on future aviation development.

 Used the term “ace” for a pilot who shot down five enemy aircraft  The British and the Americans adopted the same criteria

 Mission:  Describe who developed method for recognizing pilots who shot down enemy aircraft.  What was the term used to describe a pilot that who shot down enemy aircraft?  Describe the difference between the Allied method and German method to determine a fighter ace.  EQ: Describe significant aviation events occurring between and their impact on future aviation development.

 Germans required10 enemy aircraft downed for “Ace” to be used

Questions / Comments

Lesson Closure - 3 – List 3 things you learned today. 1. Create (1) quiz question with answer about today’s lesson. 2. List 2 things you have questions about today’s lesson.

 Each Group MUST follow all directions  STOP! - If you are unsure  SAFETY at ALL Times  Accuracy and Authenticity will be judged  Each Group Member is responsible to produce a 2 page paper on the model. ◦ Aircraft Specifications ◦ Aircraft contribution to Aviation development ◦ Significant Aviation Pioneers associated with aircraft (pilots, inventors etc.)  The Group will provide a Presentation on the model. ◦ 5to 7 slides (Title slide; Body; Summary Slide)

 Must Use Safety Glasses  Use of Cutting tools is Dangerous – AT ALL TIMES  Must Use Cutting Mats  Extended breathing of adhesives and paint fumes can be dangerous  All Areas will remain clean and organized  Plane Captains will insure All Areas will be cleaned and all items put back in proper locations 10 minutes prior to class ending  Class SAFETY MONITOR will insure areas are clean and safe at all times

Questions / Comments

SUNDAYMONDAYTUESDAYWEDNESDAYTHURSDAYFRIDAYSATURDAY 29 Chapter 2 QUIZ Progress in Europe Model Building 301 Flying Vertical Commercial Flying Model Building 23 Chapter 2 QUIZ FltLine Friday Model Building Preparing for War WWI – Role of the Airplane Model Building 89 Europe in WWI Fighter Development Model Building Chapter 2 QUIZ Fighter Aces Model Building 1415 US in WWI Ind 2 pg paper Presentation / Models Due 1618 FltLine Friday “FlyBoys” Chapter 2 TEST 1st Quarter Grades Due No School Parent/Teacher Conf October 2014