 100km x 12hr x 4+ days  British Columbia – Newfoundland  km² Almost half of Canada

 63 %Coniferous Cone bearing  15% Deciduous Leafy trees  15 % mixed

 Commercial Profit Warmer, wetter Near roads, railways, waterways  Non-Commercial Unlikely to be cut down for industrial use North where temperatures are low, and trees hardly grow at all

 Boreal Forest Largest  ha total area Mainly coniferous  Soft wood trees  Black, white spruce, Balsam fir, Jack pine, cedar, Some deciduous  White birch, poplar Trees grow slow due to long winters and low precipitation

 ha  Stunted trees Thin soils, cool temperatures, short growing season, permafrost Coniferous  Black, white spruce, Balsam fir, Jack pine  Deciduous  Poplar, trembling aspen Only small parts logged due to inaccessibility

 Most productive forest in Canada Temperate rainforest on western slopes Abundant precipitation, moderate temperatures, long growing season  Douglas Fir, Sitka, Spruce, Western red cedar,  Highest volume of wood/hectare in Canada

 Lower precipitation Shorter growing season than WCF Smaller Coniferous Trees  Spruce, lodgepole, ponderosa pine 2 nd highest volume per hectare

 Longer growing season  More precipitation than Boreal Northern Areas: Conifers  Lumber, pulp and paper, hardwoods, maple syrup Southern Areas:  Maple, birch, black walnut, cherry

 1/16 jobs in Canada Depends on Forestry  Products produce $80 billion/year  Forestry industry provides jobs directly Logging

 Most popularly used  Fastest and cheapest method  Replanting will allow for plants to grow at the same time  If replanting does not take, less desirable species may grow Soil erosion

 Clear cutting only part of an old-growth forest leaving behind seed bearing trees  Used in areas where trees have grown and aged evenly

 Harvesting trees that are: Mature Right size Right type Good quality  Less disruptive to forest environment  Costly Extra care and time No planting of uniform forest

 Pulp and Paper made from cellulose fibres found in wood Plants  Canada is 2 nd Largest pulp and paper producer  Found in every province except PEI  Mostly in Quebec, Ontario, and BC QuebecOntarioBCManitobaOther Provinces $ Million $ Million $6264 Million $549 Million $ Million

 Lumber Raw cut timber, plywood, veneers, particle board, cedar shingles, chip board BC is Canada’s largest lumber producer Quebec is second Less money than pulp and paper industry QuebecOntarioBCManitobaOther Provinces $ Million $8032 Million $5664 Million $623 Million $4987 Million