October 22, 2014 EQ: EQ: What interactions occur within communities? Interactions occur through food chains and food webs. They also occur in different types of relationships between organisms

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New area of focus: Biogeochemical Cycles. New area of focus: Biogeochemical Cycles. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Biogeochemical Cycles. Biogeochemical Cycles. Bio – Life Bio – Life Geo – Earth Geo – Earth Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Biogeochemical Cycles. Biogeochemical Cycles. Bio – Life Bio – Life Geo – Earth Geo – Earth Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Biogeochemical Cycles. Biogeochemical Cycles. Bio – Life Bio – Life Geo – Earth Geo – Earth Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Biogeochemical Cycles. Biogeochemical Cycles. Bio – Life Bio – Life Geo – Earth Geo – Earth Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Biogeochemical Cycles. Biogeochemical Cycles. Bio – Life Bio – Life Geo – Earth Geo – Earth Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Biogeochemical Cycles. Biogeochemical Cycles. Bio – Life Bio – Life Geo – Earth Geo – Earth Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Biogeochemical Cycles. Biogeochemical Cycles. Bio – Life Bio – Life Geo – Earth Geo – Earth Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Biogeochemical Cycles. Biogeochemical Cycles. Bio – Life Bio – Life Geo – Earth Geo – Earth Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Biogeochemical Cycles. Biogeochemical Cycles. Bio – Life Bio – Life Geo – Earth Geo – Earth Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Biogeochemical Cycles. Biogeochemical Cycles. Bio – Life Bio – Life Geo – Earth Geo – Earth Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Chemical – Changes in atoms / molecules Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Cycles – Repeated event, full turn. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

What’s so special about the water in this photograph? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

What’s so special about the water in this photograph? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Compare the importance of water commonly existing in all three states of matter.

Water commonly exists in all three states of matter

Compare the importance of water commonly existing in all three states of matter. Water commonly exists in all three states of matter Water exists commonly in its solid state

Compare the importance of water commonly existing in all three states of matter. Water commonly exists in all three states of matter Water exists commonly in its solid state

Compare the importance of water commonly existing in all three states of matter. Water exists commonly in its solid state

Compare the importance of water commonly existing in all three states of matter. Water exists commonly in its solid state

Compare the importance of water commonly existing in all three states of matter.

This next part helps when we study the water cycle

New Area of Focus: The Water Cycle New Area of Focus: The Water Cycle AKA – The Hydrologic Cycle AKA – The Hydrologic Cycle Driven by the sun and gravity. Driven by the sun and gravity. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Driven by the Sun

Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Driven by the Sun

What do we already know? Explain yourselves with this template. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Driven by the Sun

What do we already know? Explain yourselves with this template. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

What do we already know? Explain yourselves with this template. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

What do we already know? Explain yourselves with this template. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

What do we already know? Explain yourselves with this template. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

What do we already know? Explain yourselves with this template. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

What do we already know? Explain yourselves with this template. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The hydrologic cycle (Water Cycle): The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the earth. The hydrologic cycle (Water Cycle): The continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the earth. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Link! Water Cycle Flash Animation Tour – watercycle.htmlhttp:// watercycle.html

New Biogeochemical Cycle: The Carbon Cycle. New Biogeochemical Cycle: The Carbon Cycle. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Carbon Cycle: The circulation of carbon into organisms (biotic) and back again (abiotic). Carbon Cycle: The circulation of carbon into organisms (biotic) and back again (abiotic). Atmosphere, Land, Water, Oceans. Atmosphere, Land, Water, Oceans. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Where are the carbon reservoirs on our planet? –Which ones do human activities impact? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Where are the carbon reservoirs on our planet? –Which ones do human activities impact? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Reservoirs: A large supply of something.

Where are the carbon reservoirs on our planet? –Which ones do human activities impact? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Where are the carbon reservoirs on our planet? –Which ones do human activities impact? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Where are the carbon reservoirs on our planet? –Which ones do human activities impact? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The energy flow of life occurs because of plants. Plants harness the energy from the sun, and pass it on to all other life forms. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

If a product is made of the following, it is made from plants, or old decomposed plants (oil). –Any wood. –Any fiber / other than metals. –Plastics (most are oil based). –Chemicals (most are from plants and oils). –All food. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Which of the following equations is the correct equation for photosynthesis? A) 6O 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy = C 12 H 6 O 6 + 6O 2 B) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + sugar = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 C) 6CO 2 + 6O 2 + light energy = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O D) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 E) 6CO 2 + H 2 O + light energy = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 F) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy = C 6 H 2 O 6 + 6O 2 G) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + sugar = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 H) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy = C 6 H 12 O 3 + 6O 2 I) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy = C 6 H 12 O6 + 6CO 2 J) C 6 H 12 O6 = 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy + 6O 2 Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer! Which of the following equations is the correct equation for photosynthesis? A) 6O 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy = C 12 H 6 O 6 + 6O 2 B) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + sugar = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 C) 6CO 2 + 6O 2 + light energy = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6H 2 O D) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 E) 6CO 2 + H 2 O + light energy = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 F) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy = C 6 H 2 O 6 + 6O 2 G) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + sugar = C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 H) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy = C 6 H 12 O 3 + 6O 2 I) 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy = C 6 H 12 O6 + 6CO 2 J) C 6 H 12 O6 = 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + light energy + 6O 2 Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Photosynthesis: Plants make sugar from sunlight. Light energy is turned into chemical energy (sugars are carbon based). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Plants can get their energy from the sun by just sitting there, we have to go search for it, hunt, etc. Why didn’t we evolve to be green and get our energy from the sun. –Why aren’t we green? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer! Because photosynthesis only produces a small amount of energy. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Answer! Because photosynthesis only produces a small amount of energy. –We need lots of sugar to run, jump, and live our very busy and active lives. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Plants are less active.

Respiration – The plant burns the sugar to make energy. ChloroplastsMitochondria

Remember: Producers create the sugars, then consumers use these sugars. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Remember: Producers create the sugars, then consumers use these sugars. –Plants harness the energy from the sun so we can live. “I love your sugars that you produce from photosynthesis.” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Video! Photosynthesis –This video will show the actual process of photosynthesis on a molecular level. –We may get just a bit but lets see the real deal. – w&feature=relatedhttp:// w&feature=related Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The carbon dioxide oxygen balance. The carbon dioxide oxygen balance. The plant uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen The plant uses carbon dioxide and produces oxygen Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Photosynthesis Respiration

You can now complete many parts to your coloring and labeling page. –Write relevant information next to the drawings. Lightly color the objects only and not the white space.

Biology October 22, 2014 Copy and answer the following EQ into your science notebook. EQ: How is nitrogen cycled through the Earth? The movement of nitrogen between the atmosphere, biosphere, and geosphere in different forms is called the nitrogen cycle.

New Biogeochemical Cycle: The Nitrogen Cycle. New Biogeochemical Cycle: The Nitrogen Cycle. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

What will be studying a whole lot of in the next few days?What will be studying a whole lot of in the next few days? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

What will be studying a whole lot of in the next few days?What will be studying a whole lot of in the next few days? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

What will be studying a whole lot of in the next few days?What will be studying a whole lot of in the next few days? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Yes, We will be studying concepts that have a lot to do with waste.Yes, We will be studying concepts that have a lot to do with waste. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nitrogen Cycle: The circulation of nitrogen. Nitrogen Cycle: The circulation of nitrogen. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy plant decay ( fungi and bacteria) ammonification nitrification Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Nitrogen Cycle: The circulation of nitrogen. Nitrogen Cycle: The circulation of nitrogen. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy plant decay ( fungi and bacteria) ammonification

Nitrogen Cycle: The circulation of nitrogen. Nitrogen Cycle: The circulation of nitrogen. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy plant decay ( fungi and bacteria)

Nitrogen Cycle: The circulation of nitrogen. Nitrogen Cycle: The circulation of nitrogen. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy plant decay ( fungi and bacteria) ammonification nitrification Nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Everyone take a deep breath in and then breathe out. –78% of what you just breathed in was Nitrogen N2 gas –78% of what you exhaled was… Nitrogen N2 gas. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Everyone take a deep breath in and then breathe out. –78% of what you just breathed in was Nitrogen N 2 gas –78% of what you exhaled was… Nitrogen N2 gas. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nitrogen in the atmosphere is N 2 gas which is doesn’t bond well with other molecules. –Nitrogen forms triple bonds with itself. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Lightning can convert

When nitrogen is “fixed”, it’s bonds are split with the other nitrogen. Now it has three arms to make new friends, Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

When nitrogen is “fixed”, it’s bonds are split with the other nitrogen. Now it has three arms to make new friends like oxygen (NO 2 ) Bacteria Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Rain and precipitation bring the atmospheric Nitrogen to the ground.

Lightning can convert And nitrogen mixes with rain

Lightning can convert And nitrogen mixes with rain

Lightning can convert And nitrogen mixes with rain Bacteria fix nitrogen into NH 3, NO 2 -, NO 3 -

All life requires nitrogen-compounds, e.g., proteins and nucleic acids. Air, which is 79% nitrogen gas (N 2 ), is the major reservoir of nitrogen. But most organisms cannot use nitrogen in this form. Plants must secure their nitrogen in "fixed" form, i.e., incorporated in compounds such as: –nitrate ions (NO 3 −) –ammonia (NH 3 ) –urea (NH 2 )2CO Animals secure their nitrogen (and all other) compounds from plants (or animals that have fed on plants). Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Eventually, plants and animals die. Ammonia (NH3) / Decay / Waste

Lightning can convert And nitrogen mixes with rain Bacteria fix nitrogen into NH 3, NO 2 -, NO 3 - Animals get nitrogen by eating plants

Denitrifying bacteria can also change the NH 3 Nitrate back to N 2 Nitrogen gas

Lightning can convert And nitrogen mixes with rain Bacteria fix nitrogen into NH 3, NO 2 -, NO 3 - Animals get nitrogen by eating plants Decomposers break down nitrogen Nitrites NO 2 and Nitrates NO 3

Lightning can convert And nitrogen mixes with rain Bacteria fix nitrogen into NH 3, NO 2 -, NO 3 - Animals get nitrogen by eating plants Decomposers break down nitrogen Nitrites NO 2 and Nitrates NO 3 Denitrifying bacteria release Nitrogen into air. (N 2 )

Which is the bogus statement?

Four processes participate in the cycling of nitrogen through the biosphere. A.) Nitrogen fixation: Break apart N 2 so it can join to other atoms and be used. B.) Decay: Passes on through eating / waste. C.) Plants with the help of bacteria take up nitrogen. D.) Denitrification: Nitrogen is removed from air. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Four processes participate in the cycling of nitrogen through the biosphere. A.) Nitrogen fixation: Break apart N 2 so it can join to other atoms and be used. B.) Decay: Passes on through eating / waste. C.) Plants with the help of bacteria take up nitrogen. D.) Denitrification: Nitrogen is removed from air. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Four processes participate in the cycling of nitrogen through the biosphere. A.) Nitrogen fixation: Break apart N 2 so it can join to other atoms and be used. B.) Decay: Passes on through eating / waste. C.) Plants with the help of bacteria take up nitrogen. D.) Denitrification: Nitrogen is removed from air. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Four processes participate in the cycling of nitrogen through the biosphere. A.) Nitrogen fixation: Break apart N 2 so it can join to other atoms and be used. B.) Decay: Passes on through eating / waste. C.) Plants with the help of bacteria take up nitrogen. D.) Denitrification: Nitrogen is returned to the air. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

New Biogeochemical Cycle: The Phosphorus Cycle. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Phosphorus cycle: The biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and ecosphere. Phosphorus cycle: The biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and ecosphere. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Phosphorus cycle: The biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and ecosphere. Phosphorus cycle: The biogeochemical cycle that describes the movement of phosphorus through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and ecosphere. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity! Drawing the Phosphorus Cycle. –One full page needed. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy