1 The Restoration & Enlightenment

2 The Restoration & Enlightenment Charles II spend much of his time in France learning about French elegance and glamour He brings this “rich” culture back to England Appoints a poet laureate and charters the Royal Society

3 The Restoration & Enlightenment Also with the return of Charles II came a return to Anglicanism as England’s state religion and a realization that future monarchs would have to share their power with Parliament

4 The Restoration & Enlightenment At first Charles II gains support of the people and helps them through two major disasters –Great Plague of 1665 –Great Fire of London Eventually a rivalry between two political parties emerges –Tories –Whigs

5 Rulers - End of the Stuarts Charles II James II (his brother) - produces an heir - feels threatened, flees to France - Bloodless Revolution His protestant daughter, Mary & her dutch husband, William of Orange Anne, Mary’s sister (last Stuart)

6 Rulers - House of Hanover Anne’s distant cousin from Germany becomes next King of England, George I His son, George II, succeeds him George III, grandson of George II - not a very good leader - causes loss of American colonies

7 Advances and Changes Development of smallpox vaccine Agriculture –More productive harvesting –Breeding larger animals –Had negative effect on small farmers and traditional way of life Industrial Revolution

8 End of the Period Caused by effects of the industrial revolution the writers of the time began to reject their Augustan predecessors & return to nature & folk themes for their inspiration

9 Literary History Augustan Age Reign of Queen Anne is apex of Augustan Age - writers stressed harmony and stability With her death writers used satire to express their dissatisfaction with politics

10 Literary History Age of Pope Alexander Pope and Jonathan Swift dominated the literary world First novel originated Robinson Crusoe by Daniel Defoe End of period Thomas Gray and Robert Burns show beginning of Romantic ideals

11 Development of Language Dictionary of the English Language by Samuel Johnson becomes first attempt to stabilize the language Scientific approach to language - first grammar books Difficult due to England’s widespread colonization

12 The End