Life In the Industrial Age Bellwork #1 9/20/10 If someone works they may be tired from a job and found it hard to pay attention in class

The Industrial Revolution Spreads The first phase of industrialism had largely been forged from iron, powered by steam engines, and driven by the British textile industry. By the mid 1800s, the Industrial Revolution entered a new phase. The first phase of industrialism had largely been forged from iron, powered by steam engines, and driven by the British textile industry. By the mid 1800s, the Industrial Revolution entered a new phase. As a new century dawned this second Industrial Revolution transformed the economics of the western world. As a new century dawned this second Industrial Revolution transformed the economics of the western world.

New Industrial Powers In the early Industrial Revolution, Britain stood alone as the world’s industrial giant. In the early Industrial Revolution, Britain stood alone as the world’s industrial giant. 1807, a British mechanic, William Cockerill, opened factories in Belgium for the manufacture of spinning and weaving machines. Belgium thus became the first European nation outside Britain to industrialize. 1807, a British mechanic, William Cockerill, opened factories in Belgium for the manufacture of spinning and weaving machines. Belgium thus became the first European nation outside Britain to industrialize.

The new pacesetters Why did other nations catch up so quickly to Britain? Why did other nations catch up so quickly to Britain? First nations such as Germany, France and the United States had more abundant supplies of coal, iron and other resources than did Britain. They were also, able to follow Britain's steps. A lot of latecomers often borrowed British experts or technology. First nations such as Germany, France and the United States had more abundant supplies of coal, iron and other resources than did Britain. They were also, able to follow Britain's steps. A lot of latecomers often borrowed British experts or technology. The first American textile factory was built in Pawtucket, Rhode Island with plans smuggled in from Britain. The first American textile factory was built in Pawtucket, Rhode Island with plans smuggled in from Britain. Two countries thrust their way to industrial leadership Germany in 1871, and United States especially after the civil war. By 1900, American industry led the world in production. Two countries thrust their way to industrial leadership Germany in 1871, and United States especially after the civil war. By 1900, American industry led the world in production.

Impact The new industrial nations underwent social changes, such as rapid urbanization. Men, women, and children worked long hours in difficult and dangerous conditions. The new industrial nations underwent social changes, such as rapid urbanization. Men, women, and children worked long hours in difficult and dangerous conditions. By, the 1900s, these conditions had begun to improve in many industrialized nations. By, the 1900s, these conditions had begun to improve in many industrialized nations. The factory system produced huge quantities of new goods at lower prices than ever before. In time, workers were buying goods that in earlier times only the wealthy could afford. The demand for goods created jobs. The factory system produced huge quantities of new goods at lower prices than ever before. In time, workers were buying goods that in earlier times only the wealthy could afford. The demand for goods created jobs. Technological and economic advantage, western powers came to dominate the world more than ever before. Technological and economic advantage, western powers came to dominate the world more than ever before.

New Methods of Production Factories still used large numbers of workers and power-driven machines to mass-produce goods. Factories still used large numbers of workers and power-driven machines to mass-produce goods. Manufactures designed products with interchangeable parts- identical components that could be used in place of one another. Interchangeable parts simplified both assembly and repair. Manufactures designed products with interchangeable parts- identical components that could be used in place of one another. Interchangeable parts simplified both assembly and repair. Later, manufacturers introduced another new method of production, the assembly Line. Later, manufacturers introduced another new method of production, the assembly Line. Assembly line- line that added parts to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next. Assembly line- line that added parts to a product that moves along a belt from one work station to the next. This made production faster and cheaper, lowering the price of goods. This made production faster and cheaper, lowering the price of goods.

Technology and Industry Science and industry spurred economic growth. Science and industry spurred economic growth. 1800s many companies were hiring professional chemists, biologists, and engineers to develop new products and technologies. These creative experts sped up the breathtaking pace of technological change. 1800s many companies were hiring professional chemists, biologists, and engineers to develop new products and technologies. These creative experts sped up the breathtaking pace of technological change.

Steel, Chemicals, Electricity Steel- 1856, British engineer Henry Bessemer developed a process to purify iron ore and produce a new substance, steel. It was lighter, harder an d more durable than iron. Steel- 1856, British engineer Henry Bessemer developed a process to purify iron ore and produce a new substance, steel. It was lighter, harder an d more durable than iron. Chemicals- Chemists created hundreds of new products, form medicines such as aspirin to new perfumes and soaps to margarine. Chemicals- Chemists created hundreds of new products, form medicines such as aspirin to new perfumes and soaps to margarine. The Swedish chemist Alfred Noble invented dynamite, and explosive much safer than those used at the time. The Swedish chemist Alfred Noble invented dynamite, and explosive much safer than those used at the time. Nobel earned a huge fortune for dynamite, which he wiled to fund the Noble prize. Nobel earned a huge fortune for dynamite, which he wiled to fund the Noble prize.

Electricity A new power source, electricity, was put to work in the late 1800s A new power source, electricity, was put to work in the late 1800s Scientists like Benjamin Franklin had tinkered with electricity a century earlier. Scientists like Benjamin Franklin had tinkered with electricity a century earlier. The Italian scientists Alessandro Volta developed the first battery in 1800s. Later, experimenters created the dynamo, which generated electricity. The Italian scientists Alessandro Volta developed the first battery in 1800s. Later, experimenters created the dynamo, which generated electricity. Thomas Edison made the first electric light bulb. Soon, Edison’s illuminated whole cities. The pace of city life quickened and factories could remain open after dark. By 1890s cable carried electrical power and replaced the steam as the dominant source of industrial power. Thomas Edison made the first electric light bulb. Soon, Edison’s illuminated whole cities. The pace of city life quickened and factories could remain open after dark. By 1890s cable carried electrical power and replaced the steam as the dominant source of industrial power.

The Shrinking World During the second Industrial Revolution, transportation and communication were transformed by technology. Steam ships replaced sailing ships, and railroad building took off. During the second Industrial Revolution, transportation and communication were transformed by technology. Steam ships replaced sailing ships, and railroad building took off. United States, a transcontinental railroad provided rail service form the Atlantic to the Pacific. United States, a transcontinental railroad provided rail service form the Atlantic to the Pacific.

The Horseless carriage Nikolaus Otto, invented a gasoline powered internal combustion engine. In 1887, his colleague Gottlieb Daimler used Otto’s engine to power the first automobile. Nikolaus Otto, invented a gasoline powered internal combustion engine. In 1887, his colleague Gottlieb Daimler used Otto’s engine to power the first automobile. Then the American Henry Ford started making models that reached the breath taking speed of 25 miles and hour. Then the American Henry Ford started making models that reached the breath taking speed of 25 miles and hour. 1900s, Ford began using the assembly line to mass produce cars, making the U.S. a leader in the automobile industry. 1900s, Ford began using the assembly line to mass produce cars, making the U.S. a leader in the automobile industry.

Conquest of the Air The Internal combustion engine made possible the dream of human flight. The Internal combustion engine made possible the dream of human flight. In 1903, two American bicycle makers Orville and Wilbur Wright, designed and flew a flimsy airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Though their flying machine stayed aloft for only a few seconds, it ushered in the air age. In 1903, two American bicycle makers Orville and Wilbur Wright, designed and flew a flimsy airplane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Though their flying machine stayed aloft for only a few seconds, it ushered in the air age. Passenger travel, however, would nto begin until the 1920s. Passenger travel, however, would nto begin until the 1920s.

Rapid Communication A revolution in communications also made the world smaller. An American inventor, Samuel F.B. Morse, developed the telegraph, which could send coded messages over wires by means of electricity. A revolution in communications also made the world smaller. An American inventor, Samuel F.B. Morse, developed the telegraph, which could send coded messages over wires by means of electricity. 1876, the Scottish-born American inventor Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone. By, the 1890s, the Italian pioneer Guglielmo Marconi had invented the radio. 1876, the Scottish-born American inventor Alexander Graham Bell patented the telephone. By, the 1890s, the Italian pioneer Guglielmo Marconi had invented the radio.

Rise of Big Business By the late 1800s Big Business came to dominate industry. By the late 1800s Big Business came to dominate industry. Corporations- businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock. Corporations- businesses that are owned by many investors who buy shares of stock. Moving toward Monopolies- Powerful business leaders created monopolies and trusts, huge corporate structures that controlled entire industries or areas of the economy. Moving toward Monopolies- Powerful business leaders created monopolies and trusts, huge corporate structures that controlled entire industries or areas of the economy. In Germany, Alfred Krupp inherited a steelmaking business form his father. He bought up coal and iron mines as well as ore shipping lines that fed the steel business. In Germany, Alfred Krupp inherited a steelmaking business form his father. He bought up coal and iron mines as well as ore shipping lines that fed the steel business.

Rise of Big Business In the United States, John D. Rockefeller built Standard Oil Company of Ohio into an empire. In the United States, John D. Rockefeller built Standard Oil Company of Ohio into an empire. He Dominated the American petroleum industry. He Dominated the American petroleum industry. With the competition gone, they were free to raise prices to and level. Sometimes, a group of large corporations would form a Cartel- an association to fix prices, set production quotas, or divide up markets. With the competition gone, they were free to raise prices to and level. Sometimes, a group of large corporations would form a Cartel- an association to fix prices, set production quotas, or divide up markets.

Move Toward Regulation Some people saw the Krupp's and Rockefellers as “captains of industry.” Supporters praised their vision and skills. They pointed out tat capitalist invested their great wealth in world wide ventures, such as railroad building, that employed thousands of workers and added to general prosperity. Some people saw the Krupp's and Rockefellers as “captains of industry.” Supporters praised their vision and skills. They pointed out tat capitalist invested their great wealth in world wide ventures, such as railroad building, that employed thousands of workers and added to general prosperity. Any effort to destroy competition critics argued, hurt the free-enterprise system. Reformers called for laws to prevent monopolies and regulate large corporations. By the 1900s, some governments did move against monopolies. Any effort to destroy competition critics argued, hurt the free-enterprise system. Reformers called for laws to prevent monopolies and regulate large corporations. By the 1900s, some governments did move against monopolies.