John E. Thompson Deputy Director Office of Environmental Quality U.S. Department of State

Climate Impacts of ODS & Substitutes Velders, 2009

HCFC Acceleration XIX/ HCFC acceleration estimate gigatons CO2-eq direct benefits, 3 Gtons if transition to high-GWP HFCs 16 Gtons if transition to climate-friendly alternatives Calls on Parties (para 9) and the ExCom (para 11.b) to take action Para 9 – “To Encourage Parties to promote the selection of alternatives to HCFCs that minimize environmental impacts, in particular impacts on climate, as well as meeting other health, safety and economic considerations” Country Policies Discussion (Session 4)

HCFC Acceleration - continued Para 11.b - Asks the Executive Committee to give priority to cost- effective projects and programmes which focus on … substitutes and alternatives that minimize other impacts on the environment, including on the climate, taking into account global-warming potential, energy use and other relevant factors Cost Guidelines – 25% increment for low-GWP alternatives Article 5 HPMPs PU Foam – cyclopentane, water, CO2, methyl formate XPS – Isobutane, CO2, DME Refrigeration and Air Conditioning – Mixed results for climate HFC Conversions to R-410A in several countries China –RAC (HCs), ICR (HFC-32) Indonesia – HFC-32, CO2, Ammonia, HC Bahrain – HFC-32 or HC Thailand – HFC-32 Armenia – HC Algeria – HFC-32

HFCs now and in the future Now - HCFC conversions Domestic policy development A5 transition plans MLF HPMP approvals Future Installed base (MAC, refrigeration) Non-transition HFC growth (AC) Full effort on HCFC transitions

Comprehensive HFC Management MP already involved via HCFC transition 25% cost increment MP proposals would take on rest of HFC uses A5 and non-A5 transitions MLF support for transition to A5s Only MP & MLF can comprehensively address HFCs