Section 1: The Methods of Science.  Identify the steps that scientists often use to solve problems.  Describe why scientists use variables.  Compare.

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Presentation transcript:

Section 1: The Methods of Science

 Identify the steps that scientists often use to solve problems.  Describe why scientists use variables.  Compare and contrast science and technology.

 Science studies natural patterns.  Science is classified into three main categories:  life science, Earth science, and physical science.

 Science explains the natural world; explanations can change over time.  Ancient Greek philosophers thought that everything was composed of five basic elements: ▪ earth, air, fire, water, and aether

 Scientists investigate nature by observation, experimentation, or modeling.

 Scientific method: organized set of investigation procedures 1. State a problem.

2. Gather information

3. Form a hypothesis based on knowledge and observation.  Hypothesis: TESTABLE statement that is used to set up an experiment!  15 year old males are taller than 15 year old females  The Steelers are better than the Ravens  Dinosaurs were blue in color  Bacteria do not need oxygen to survive

4. An experiment with variables is a common way to test a hypothesis.  Experiment: a test of the effect of one variable on another using controlled conditions.  Variable: a quantity that can have more than a single value.

a)An independent variable is the variable changed in an experiment to see the effect. b)A dependent variable is the variable that changes as a result of the independent variable.

c)A variable that does not change when other variables change is a constant. d)A control is the standard to which test results can be compared.

5. Analyze data from an experiment or investigation.

6. Form a conclusion based on the data.

7. Reduce bias by keeping accurate records, using measurable data, and repeating the experiment.  Bias: occurs when what the scientist expects changes how the results are viewed.

 Model: represents an idea, event, or object to help people better understand it.  All models have limitations.

 Theory: an explanation based on MANY observations and investigations  Scientific law: is a statement about something in nature that always seems to be true.

 A theory can never become a law! Instead theories are used to explain laws.

 Science deals with the natural world; questions of value or emotion cannot be answered.

 Technology: applied science helping people

 Explain why a control is needed in a valid experiment.  What is the dependent variable in an experiment that shows how the volume of gas changes with changes in temperature?