The Coming Crisis SSUSH8 The student will explain the relationship between growing north-south divisions and westward expansion. b. Explain the Missouri Compromise and the issue of slavery in western states and territories. e. Explain the Compromise of SSUSH9 The student will identify key events, issues, and individuals relating to the causes, course, and consequences of the Civil War. a. Explain the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the failure of popular sovereignty.

Missouri Compromise of 1820 The admission of Missouri into the Union in 1819 brought on much debate in Congress because of the issue of slavery The balance of free to slave states was 11 to 11 and northern states worried that the admission of Missouri as a slave state would upset that balance

Missouri Compromise continued After months of debate, the Congress (led by Henry Clay) finally reached a compromise that had 2 main points slavery would not be restricted in Missouri and Maine would be admitted as a free state 1. as the U.S. expanded westward, territories north of 36° 30’ N in the Louisiana Purchase would be closed to slavery (territory from southern border of Missouri north)

Map of US in 1821: Missouri Compromise

Compromise of 1833 a tariff was enacted to protect southern profits that were flowing to the north this proved the south could exert some power and helped to hold off the Civil War a little longer

Map of US in 1837

Wilmot Proviso Proposal after the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo added significant territory to the US after the Mexican American War proposed that slavery would be outlawed in all new lands – this was seen as another step towards civil war never passes Congress and never goes into effect David Wilmot

Map of US in 1846: Proposal of Wilmot Proviso

Compromise of 1850 the admission of the territory after the Mexican war was not covered by the Missouri Compromise – the debate over free and slave states began again 1850 – California asked to join the Union as a free state – this would again upset the balance Clay again negotiated a compromise – it contained 5 parts

Compromise of California would be admitted as a free state 2. the people of the territories of New Mexico and Utah would decide for themselves 3. Congress would abolish the sale of slaves, but not slavery, in Washington, D.C. 4. Texas would give up claims to New Mexico for $10 million 5. Fugitive Slave Act would order all citizens of the United States to assist in the return of escaped slaves – the returned slaves would then be denied a jury trial The compromise was passed, but it settled little more than admitting California to the Union Many Northerners resented the Fugitive Slave Act

Compromise of 1850

Kansas-Nebraska Act Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois again raised the issue of slavery in 1854 – Illinois had 2 things to gain from the admittance of Kansas and Nebraska in the Union Chicago would benefit from running a railroad through Kansas and Nebraska Douglas wanted to be President – he needed support of Southern Democrats to win – they would object to admitting Kansas and Nebraska as free states

Kansas-Nebraska Act continued To win support of both, Douglas introduced the Kansas- Nebraska Act – it supported the idea of popular sovereignty – the idea of letting the citizens of the state choose for themselves Douglas wanted the Missouri Compromise repealed to do this The bill passed, but Douglas turned out to be wrong about almost everything connected with it

Formation of the Republican Party After Millard Fillmore’s presidency ended in 1853, the Whigs lost power due largely to the issue of slavery The issues the party was founded on were largely resolved This opened the door for a new party who met in opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act The Republican Party formed in opposition to slavery and vowed to fight it