1. Why did Iran and Iraq go to war in 1980? 2. How did the Iran-Iraq War impact Iraq? List three ways! 3. Who were the Kurds? 4. Describe the relationship between Iraq and the West. Why did the U.S. support them? 5. THINKER: How did the Cold War impact relations between Middle Eastern countries, as well as, the U.S.? Explain!

 International organization composed of 12 countries Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela  Goal is to secure income to member nations by supplying a steady oil supply to the global market  OPEC production is a key factor in global oil prices

 By Block #1 (no school Monday!), complete your outline notes on short term/immediate causes of the Gulf War using pages

 For bellwork today, I’m going to test your document analysis skills! Read documents A- D on pages  Next, respond to questions 1-5 for bellwork.  Be ready to discuss! *NOTE: Question #2 should say invasion of Kuwait, NOT Iraq.

 During the Iran-Iraq War, Kuwait was one of Iraq’s closest allies……so what happened? Why Kuwait?  In 1990, Iraq accused Kuwait of stealing Iraqi petroleum through slant drilling  Iraq's inability to pay more than $80 billion that had been borrowed to finance the Iran–Iraq war (Iraq requested the debt be forgiven due to economic troubles – Kuwait refused)  Kuwaiti overproduction of petroleum kept revenues down for Iraq. Estimated that between 1985 and 1989, Iraq lost $14 billion a year due to Kuwait's oil price strategy. Kuwait's refusal to decrease its oil production was viewed as an act of aggression by Iraq.

IRA Q KUWAIT Rumaila Oil Field IRAQ

 August 2, 1990  Saddam used 100,000 soldiers and 2,000 tanks  Within 12 hours, the Kuwaiti royal family fled and Iraq took control  Declared Kuwait the 19 th province of Iraq  The invasion resulted in the seven-month long occupation of Kuwait, and led to direct military intervention by American-led forces in the Gulf War  Also caused the torching of 600 Kuwaiti oil wells

 Iraqi government claimed……  Kuwait was a natural part of Iraq carved off as a result of British imperialism  The Kuwaiti Emir (title for high-serving official) was a highly unpopular figure among the Kuwaiti people.  By overthrowing the Emir, it granted Kuwaitis greater economic and political freedom. Jaber III al- Ahmad al- Jaber al- Sabah. Kuwaiti Emir, Jaber III ruled from and was forced into exile in Saudi Arabia after Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait.

 For the causes, explain why it was such a problem and how it led to the Gulf War.  Long Term Causes Iran-Iraq War Decline of Soviet influence Saddam Hussein’s attempt to expand his influence in the region Western support for Saddam  Short Term Causes Iraq’s economic position by 1990 US failure to give stronger position on Saddam’s actions Saddam’s invasion of Kuwait  Triggers for War Limited impact of sanctions Failure of negotiations The US need to keep the coalition together Saddam’s miscalculations

 UN established sanctions  August 8 – US troops are deployed to Saudi Arabia (Desert Shield)  August 10 – Arab League authorized the dispatch of Arab forces to Saudi Arabia  November – UN Security Council authorized the use, of any necessary measures to secure the removal of Iraq from Kuwait (Desert Storm) – starting 1/15/91

“What is at stake is more than one small country, it is a big idea — a new world order, where diverse nations are drawn together in common cause to achieve the universal aspirations of mankind: peace and security, freedom, and the rule of law”

 Read pgs in the Gulf War packet  Focus on strategies used to fight the Gulf War on sea, land and air.