CELLULAR RESPIRATION CHAPTER 9

9-1: Chemical Pathways Ok so what do we need from the food we eat? Why glucose? Glucose stores a lot of energy. How is energy measured in food? What is a calorie? 1 CALORIE = amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree C.

Chemical energy and Food What is a calorie? 1 CALORIE = amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree C.

What is Glycolysis? Glycolysis - a series of enzyme catalyzed chemical reactions that change glucose into different molecules What does Glycolysis mean? “sugar breaking” Glyco = SugarLysis = Breaking down

Releasing Energy in Food Where does Glycolysis occur within the cell? Cytoplasm What do cells require to perform glycolysis? ENERGY! ◦What is the name for a process not requiring oxygen? ◦Glycolysis is an Anaerobic process What does this tell you about the process? How do cells produce the large amounts of energy we require for our everyday functions?

How do cells produce energy? GLYCOLYSIS + KREBS CYCLE + ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN = CELLULAR RESPIRATION What do we need? Let’s Review….. What is ATP?

GLYCOLYSIS SUMMARY one molecule of glucose broken in half produces two molecules of pyruvic acid (PA) ◦How many Carbons are in Glucose? ◦How many Carbons are in one pyruvic acid? Spends 2 ATP Makes a TOTAL of 4 ATP  GAIN of 2 ATP Why does the cell spend energy to begin glycolysis? To split the Glucose molecule.

Glycolysis and NADH Production NAD+ is the electron carrier. ◦Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide What is the role of NAD+? ◦It’s an electron carrier! HEe- are removed and passed to NAD+ 2 NAD+  2 NADH 4 ATP made 2 PA produced How much energy is being made?

Glycolysis Animation /student_view0/chapter25/ani mation__how_glycolysis_works.html /student_view0/chapter25/ani mation__how_glycolysis_works.html Take the QUIZ on a half a sheet of paper. Give the other half sheet of paper to your neighbor. Name and Date

Energy and Pyruvic Acid What is the role of NAD+ in the cell? Delivers HEe- to other processes to make ATP NAD+ is required to continue Glycolysis. Limited in the cell Quickly fill up with HEe- How does the cell continue making energy if oxygen is unavailable?

FERMENTATION FERMENTATION releases energy from food molecules in an anaerobic environment. What does anaerobic mean? Function of Fermentation? Converts NADH back to NAD+ How does it do this? Passes electrons back to Pyruvic Acid TWO TYPES Alcoholic and Lactic Acid

Two Brains are Better than One Work with a partner. Compare and contrast the alcoholic fermentation with lactic acid fermentation. How are they similar and different?

FERMENTATION ALCOHOLICLACTIC ACID Yeast and microorganisms PA + NADH  Ethyl Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+ Why does bread dough rise? Performed in most other cells PA + NADH  Lactic Acid + NAD+ Why do your muscles burn when engaging in strenuous activity?