Chapter 1 The Data Communication Industry The best way to approach data communication The data communication industry Challenge & solution to business-oriented data communication analysis
The Best Way to Approach Data Communication Never know everything in the field Honest about your knowledge Consult with expertise Lifelong learning
Data Communication Industry General concept Terminology History Regulation Deregulation Standard Driving forces
General Concept - I Data communication –The encoded transmission of data (voice, data, & video) via electrical, optical or wireless means between computers or network processor Benefits –Delivering data & information –Real time –Distance –Competitive advantages
General Concept - II Components –Source (Transmitter) –Medium (Communication Line) –Sink (Receiver) –Communication networks –Communication rules (protocols)
General Concept - III Selection Criteria –Availability - time –Reliability - hardware & software –Online and real-time –Response time –User interface –Ergonomics –Flexibility
Terminology Local exchange carrier (LEC) –Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOCs) Inter-exchange carrier (IXC) Public switched network Central office (CO) Local access transport area (LATA) –Intra LATA (Local Calls) –Inter LATA (Long-Distance Calls) Point of present (POP) Competitive access providers (CAPs)
History Telegraph Telephone Computer Transistor Large-Scale Integrated Circuits Satellite
Regulation Agencies Federal Communication Commission (FCC) Public Utility Commission (PUC) or Public Service Commission (PSC)
Reasons for Regulation Universality or compatibility Protection Interference Duplication Infrastructure
Subjects of Regulation Installation & operation Price Profit Tariffs –Duration –Amount of Data –Minimum Service Charge –Flat Rate
Deregulation Interconnect industry –Caterfone decision (1968) –MCI decision (1969) Antitrust –Computer Inquiry I (1971) –Open skies policy (1971) –Modified Final Judgement (1982) –Open network architecture ( ) Deregulation –Telecommunication Act (1996)
Impacts of Deregulation Competition Better and economical service New and flexible products
Standards - I Making Organizations –International Telecommunications Union- Telecommunication Standardization Section (ITU-T) (Consultative Committee on International Telephones and Telegraph (CCITT)) –International Standards Organization (ISO) –American National Standard Institute (ANSI) –Electrical Industries Association (EIA) –National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) –Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
Standards -II Concepts –Rules for Compatibility –Open System –Specify “How”
Standards - III Needs –Complex communication systems –Maintenance and future growth –Connectivity between network devices –Distributed processing systems –Diagnostic and performance management
Standards - IV Pros –Compatibility between vendors –Fewer products Cons –Slow processing –Obsolescence –Freezing technology –Discouraging innovation
Driving Force Technology push/demand pull –Vendors/consultants –Business & users –Carriers –Research –Technology –Manufacturers
Challenges Technology investment vs. productivity gains Technology meets business needs Complex and compatibility issues
Solutions - I Top-down model –Business: objectives –Application: generates information to achieve objectives –Data: needed by applications –Network: delivery data & information –Technology: increases productivity and efficiency Cost/benefit analysis
Solutions - II Open systems interconnection (OSI) model –Physical –Data link –Network –Transport –Session –Presentation –Application
Solutions - III Internet suite of protocols model –TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet protocol) Input-processing-output (I-P-O) model
Assignment Review Goldman chapter 1 Prepare activities problem no. 3 (p. 32) Read Goldman chapter 2