Earth Science Introduction Lab Topics: SI units (metric system) Earth Systems Scientific Method Earth Science Introduction Lab Topics: SI units (metric system) Earth Systems Scientific Method 1

Objectives and Goals Students will learn common SI units found in length, mass and volume. Students will gain an understanding of the earth’s primary open systems and their interactions. Students will apply the scientific method and understand how it relates to science. Objectives and Goals Students will learn common SI units found in length, mass and volume. Students will gain an understanding of the earth’s primary open systems and their interactions. Students will apply the scientific method and understand how it relates to science. 2 Students will complete during the week. Students will complete during the week.

The Metric System (SI units) International System of units (SI units) Legal system of measuring in France (1800’s) SI units take the place of feet, inches, ect.. Most countries use SI units except ………… International communication using SI units International System of units (SI units) Legal system of measuring in France (1800’s) SI units take the place of feet, inches, ect.. Most countries use SI units except ………… International communication using SI units Divided into Length, Volume, and Mass SI unit (metric) is based on the number 10 Divided into Length, Volume, and Mass SI unit (metric) is based on the number 10 3

Students must make a “mental” conversion from the English system to the metric system Students must make a “mental” conversion from the English system to the metric system A meter stick equals about 3.28 feet or 39 inches A meter stick equals about 3.28 feet or 39 inches 4

Students must make a “mental” conversion from the English system to the metric system “typical” sugar cubes equal about 1 mL 1 liter of soda (1000 mL) US penny weighs about 2.5 grams Paper-clip weighs about a gram Paper-clip weighs about a gram 5

Conversions between SI units (length, mass, volume) BASED ON THE NUMBER 10 Conversions between SI units (length, mass, volume) BASED ON THE NUMBER 10 Length smallest largest Volume Mass 10 mm = 1 cm 100 cm = 1m 1000 m = 1 km 10 mm = 1 cm 100 cm = 1m 1000 m = 1 km 1 cm 3 = 1 mL 1000 mL = 1L 1 cm 3 = 1 mL 1000 mL = 1L 1000 mg = 1 g 1000 g = 1 kg 1000 mg = 1 g 1000 g = 1 kg 6

Conversions between units 1. Know which units are larger and smaller 2. Know how many zeros in the conversion 1. Know which units are larger and smaller 2. Know how many zeros in the conversion Converting from a larger to a smaller unit, move the decimal to the RIGHT Converting from a larger to a smaller unit, move the decimal to the RIGHT Larger Smaller Right Converting from a smaller to a larger unit, move the decimal to the LEFT Converting from a smaller to a larger unit, move the decimal to the LEFT Smaller Larger Left 7

L L S S RIGHT S S L L LEFT Examples: 6.25 m = ________ cm 12g = ________ mg.526 L = ________ ml 100 cm = 1m 2-zeros move decimal to right 100 cm = 1m 2-zeros move decimal to right mg = ______ g m = ______ km 10,562 mL = ______ L 1000 mg = 1 g 3- zeros move decimal to left 1000 mg = 1 g 3- zeros move decimal to left

Conversion from English to Metric 524 m = _______ feet 524 m m m ft = = ft ft = = 3.28 ft 1 m 524 m Important!!! – To change the unit, ALWAYS have the same unit in the denominator so there is cancellation to the desired unit. Important!!! – To change the unit, ALWAYS have the same unit in the denominator so there is cancellation to the desired unit. 9

Try These conversions 6.32 mm= _______ cm 5.23 km = _______ m mg = ______ g kg = _______ g L = _______ mL 49.4 mL = _______cm m ______ mi 36.1 cm _____ in 559 kg = _____ lb 634 g = ______oz 25.2 gal ______ L mL = _____gal Complete Part A of lab 10

Part B – Latitude and Longitude Where are you on earth?????????????? Part B – Latitude and Longitude Where are you on earth?????????????? Latitude/longitude a grid system used to locate features on the earth’s surface Latitude/longitude a grid system used to locate features on the earth’s surface Latitude: parallels that move north and south Latitude: parallels that move north and south 0 o latitude = equator Longitude: meridian lines that move east and west Longitude: meridian lines that move east and west 0 o longitude is through Greenwich, England 0 o longitude is through Greenwich, England 11

Los Angeles, Ca 35 0 N-lat, W-long Spokane, Wa47 0 N-lat, W-long New York, NY42 0 N-lat, 75 0 W-long 12

A B C D E 15 N-lat, 142 W-long 52 N-lat, 78 E-long 18 S-lat, 162 W-long 55 S-lat, 15 W-long 25 S-lat, 136 E-long 13

Earth as a system: How systems exchange matter and energy Earth as a system: How systems exchange matter and energy SUN Isolated System Isolated System No exchange of matter or energy No exchange of matter or energy SUN Closed System Closed System Exchange of energy but, no matter Exchange of energy but, no matter SUN Open System Open System Exchange of both matter and energy Exchange of both matter and energy Which system is the Earth? 14

The fragile Earth as a closed system is supported by four interrelated open systems The fragile Earth as a closed system is supported by four interrelated open systems Lithosphere Represents the solid earth minerals, rocks, and interior Lithosphere Represents the solid earth minerals, rocks, and interior Atmosphere: Thin blanket of gas keeping life alive, warm, and protected Atmosphere: Thin blanket of gas keeping life alive, warm, and protected Hydrosphere: Interaction of all water processes, only planet with water 71% ocean, 12,500 feet deep streams, lakes, groundwater Hydrosphere: Interaction of all water processes, only planet with water 71% ocean, 12,500 feet deep streams, lakes, groundwater Biosphere: Includes all living organisms on land, in water, and in air Biosphere: Includes all living organisms on land, in water, and in air Geosphere Interaction of all open systems Geosphere Interaction of all open systems 15

Scientific Inquiry – How do we know earth processes are accurate? The Scientific Method A set of logical steps scientist use to “get to the truth” of processes acting in the universe Making Observations Collecting facts, asking why questions, Making a Hypothesis (predictions on why) explaining how and why it works (after fact finding) “educated guessing” Testing the hypothesis (experimenting) performing experimentations that test the accuracy the hypothesis the hypothesis Scientific Theory well tested hypothesis – widely accepted view that explains the observable facts 16

Part D – Scientific Method The Game of NIM’s Objective: Use the scientific method to find strategies that allow you to win EVERYTIME!!! The Game of NIM’s Objective: Use the scientific method to find strategies that allow you to win EVERYTIME!!! 1.On each turn, you can take as many chips out of any ONE row you desire. 2. You CANNOT take chips out of columns. 3. The person taking the last chip loses. 1.On each turn, you can take as many chips out of any ONE row you desire. 2. You CANNOT take chips out of columns. 3. The person taking the last chip loses. Rows Columns 17

Part-D Use the last page (scientific method) Record your observations (the way the game is played hypothesis (predictions to win) test your hypothesis (experiment) What strategies are working Do you win every-time (theory) Part-D Use the last page (scientific method) Record your observations (the way the game is played hypothesis (predictions to win) test your hypothesis (experiment) What strategies are working Do you win every-time (theory) 18