The Constitutional Convention
Northwest Ordinance, 1787 Laws passed by the Confederation Congress Allowed slavery in the area south of the Ohio River Prohibited slavery north of the river
Annapolis Convention, states sent representatives Adopted a report urging all states to send delegates to Philadelphia to amend the Articles of Confederation
Constitutional Convention 55 delegates met in Philadelphia beginning in May, 1787 All meetings that summer were held in secrecy Purpose was to revise the Articles of Confederation
Key People at the Constitutional Convention
George Washington Chairman of the Convention Seldom participated, but Lent his enormous prestige to the proceedings
James Madison “Father of the Constitution” A Virginian and brilliant political philosopher Keep the only notes of the proceedings
Authored the “Virginia Plan” which proposed a federal government of three separate branches Later authored the US Bill of Rights
Issue of Representation in the new government Two plans were introduced They demonstrated the basic conflict between large and small states
Virginia Plan Virginia was a “large” state Base representation on population Larger states would get more representatives
(Virginia Plan) A bicameral (2-house) legislature, both based on population Legislature would choose the executive and judiciary Legislature would have the power to veto state legislation
New Jersey Plan Introduced by William Paterson and represented the small state view Each state should get an equal number of representatives
(New Jersey Plan) A unicameral legislature Increase the power of Congress to levy import duties and regulate trade Each state would have one vote
The Great Compromise Bicameral legislature Membership in the lower house (House of Representatives) should be based on population Upper house (Senate) based on equal representation
Three-fifth’s Compromise The problem was: should slaves be counted as population in determining representation Northerners were opposed Southerners supported it Agreed to count 3/5 of the slaves in determining representation
Slave Trade Compromise Congress would not be allowed to pass any trade regulations pertaining to slave trade for 20 years.