Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Purpose: To better understand what everything on this planet is made of, EVEN YOU!!!!!

Vocab Matter: Anything that takes up space and has mass. Matter: Anything that takes up space and has mass. Element: Substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means Element: Substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means Atom: Smallest part of an element that has all the properties of that element. Atom: Smallest part of an element that has all the properties of that element. Molecules: Two or more atoms held together by chemical forces. Molecules: Two or more atoms held together by chemical forces.

Elements Approx. 118 elements are known to exist. Approx. 118 elements are known to exist. About 90 are found in nature, the rest are man made. About 90 are found in nature, the rest are man made. Each Element is given a Chemical Symbol consisting of 1-3 letters. Each Element is given a Chemical Symbol consisting of 1-3 letters. The symbol usually begins with the CAPITALISED first letter of the elements name. The symbol usually begins with the CAPITALISED first letter of the elements name. Example: Oxygen’s chemical symbol is O. Example: Oxygen’s chemical symbol is O. However, if multiple elements start with the same first letter, elements are then given two letters, with the second letter in lower case. However, if multiple elements start with the same first letter, elements are then given two letters, with the second letter in lower case. Example: Osmium’s chemical symbol is Os Example: Osmium’s chemical symbol is Os

Atoms All matter is made of combinations of atoms. All matter is made of combinations of atoms. They are so small it would take trillions of them to fill the space occupied by the period at the end of your sentence. They are so small it would take trillions of them to fill the space occupied by the period at the end of your sentence. Yet, when arranged like the bricks of a building, they can create a variety of different shapes and sizes. Yet, when arranged like the bricks of a building, they can create a variety of different shapes and sizes. However, one atom of gold is still considered gold, but if you stripped away any of its parts, it would no longer be considered gold. However, one atom of gold is still considered gold, but if you stripped away any of its parts, it would no longer be considered gold.

Molecules When two or more atoms connect to one another, they are called molecules. When two or more atoms connect to one another, they are called molecules. Examples: Examples: A molecule of Sulfur is made of 6 sulfur atoms. A molecule of Sulfur is made of 6 sulfur atoms. Water is made of two Hydrogen and one Oxygen atom. Water is made of two Hydrogen and one Oxygen atom.

Atomic Structure Atoms are made of 3 basic particles Atoms are made of 3 basic particles Protons: (+) Charge Protons: (+) Charge Electrons: (-) Charge Electrons: (-) Charge Neutrons: No Charge! Neutrons: No Charge! Protons and Neutrons are found at the center of the atom in a structure called the Nucleus. Usually equal in number. Protons and Neutrons are found at the center of the atom in a structure called the Nucleus. Usually equal in number. Electrons fly around the nucleus in an Electron Cloud. Electrons fly around the nucleus in an Electron Cloud.

Wrap 1)What is not made of matter? 2)There are 118 known elements. Could there be more? Explain 2 possibilities. 3)What do you? The desk? And the Frogs all have in common? 4)Can you name any other molecules and give their molecular formula? 5) An atom of Oxygen has 8 Protons, 8 Neutrons, and 8 electrons. Draw what it looks like.