Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus Syeda Zainab Ali Bukhari 12-10125

Hemorrhagic fever A viral disease, disrupts clotting of the blood thus patients develop uncontrolled bleeding

CCHF (Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever) CCHF (Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever) is a widespread tick-borne viral disease, caused by domestic and wild animals Virus circulates in the body of an infected animal up to 1 week. Clinical disease is rare in infected animals but symptoms could be severe in infected humans.

Crimean Congo hemorrhagic virus The virus which causes CCHF is a Nairovirus. It is a ssRNA virus Sporadic infection in people is caused by Hyalomma tick bite Many birds are resistant to this disease. Ostriches are susceptible

Likely to infect… Majority of cases are seen in those involved with the livestock industry i.e. agriculture workers, slaughterhouse workers and veterinarians. Blood, sweat or saliva of infected patient or infected tissues Infected from a tick bite.

Symptoms Fever, myalgia (aching muscles), dizziness, neck pain and vomiting, backache, headache, sore eyes and photophobia. There may be nausea, vomiting and sore throat earlier on which may lead to diarrhea and generalized abdominal pain.

Symptoms Hepatomegaly (liver enlargement) may also result Other clinical signs may include tachycardia (fast heart rate), lymphadenopathy (enlarged lymph nodes) and a petechial rash (a rash caused by bleeding into the skin).

CCHF virus spreads after 1-3 day incubation period CCHF virus spreads after 1-3 day incubation period. After 9-10 days patients start recovering. The mortality rate of CCHF is 30%.

Diagnosis ELISA is used for the detection of IgG and IgM in the blood of the patient from about six days of illness. Real time PCR Virus isolation from blood samples

Treatment An antiviral drug is given, ribavirin. Both oral and intravenous formulations. Patient is kept in isolation and constantly monitored for blood volumes. Immune plasma from recovered patients for therapeutic purposes has been used.

Prevention and Control Isolate the patient. Inform and educate people in your vicinity. Personal protective measures. Avoid going to the areas where tick vectors are abundant.

Prevention and Control Use repellents on the skin e.g. DEET. Specimens of blood or tissues specimens should be handled carefully. Needles and other surgical instruments should be safely disposed

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