11/12 Wednesday Dating back to the days of the American colonies, the North and the South were fundamentally different. The economy of the North was industrial, whereas the economy of the South was agricultural. These differences greatly contributed to the tensions that led to the Civil War. Do you think that today the North and the South are more similar than they are different? Explain. What is up for today?  TOTD  Mormons in news!  Finish America: TSOU  Long Term Causes of Civil War Notes  Unit 5 Choice Pro ?s

Nullification THE IDEA THAT A STATE CAN OVERRIDE A FED LAW -Sedition Acts -Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions (nullified sedition acts) -Tariff laws 1828 Tariff Crisis (Tariff of Abominations during Jackson’s term) -Slavery issues -southern threats to nullify any anti-slavery laws “I’m back! I was a prominent US congressman from South Carolina. I helped steer the US into war with Great Britain and established the Second Bank of the United States. I became a U.S. secretary of war, vice president and briefly secretary of state. I’m mad California became a free-state, and am a leading supporter of slavery! “Call me Calhoun, John C. Calhoun!”

Sectionalism -issues become more and more regional in nature -slavery, tariffs, economics Factories vs. farming -industrial north – against slavery, for high tariffs, differing way of life -agricultural south – for slavery, low tariffs, differing views

Compromise of 1820 a.k.a. Missouri Compromise -drew a line to determine the future areas of slavery -solved the slavery debate for about 20 years Now, new territory had been added due to Mexican War

 Should slavery be allowed to spread to new states and territories west of the Mississippi?

Compromise of tried to block Wilmot Proviso slavery in new western territory, but is defeated by Senate -California applies for statehood debate begins and Clay (Mr. Clay AGAIN) organizes compromise -California admitted as free state -South gets stronger Fugitive law -Popular Sovereignty to help decide future cases of slavery: People in these new areas will get to vote if they want slavery rider to a bill proposed by Pennsylvania Congressman David Wilmot in 1846 that sought to ban slavery in any territories or new states acquired from Mexico. Essentially the argument was over whether there would be slavery in Texas, New Mexico, California, and other new western states. The debate is considered a crucial part of the lead-up to the Civil War.

 “free soil, free speech, free labor, free men”  Emergence of Free-Soil Party forced Whigs and Dems. to take a strong stance on slavery POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY

 TOTD: Imagine that you are an abolitionist in the 1850s. Write a 3 sentence letter to the editor of your local newspaper arguing against slavery BUT you have to include the following:  Use 1 of the following statements as the main idea of your letter. Slavery directly contradicts the religious principles of this country Slavery directly contradicts the American principles of liberty and equality. Slavery is a wedge that is going to divide the nation.  AGENDA: Finish page 18 notes Long Term Causes Unit 5 Choice Project Questions?

Whigs  Zachary Taylor  Supported Pop. Sovereignty Democrats Lewis Cass Opposed Wilmot, supported Pop. Sovereignty Free Soil Martin Van Buren Supported Wilmot, opposed Pop. Sovereignty Zachary Taylor won!

Fugitive Slave Law -allowed slave catchers to go into free areas and capture runaway slaves -made it a crime to help any runaway -suspected slaves need not be given a trial or a chance to testify

Underground Railroad - many early attempts at escape relied on luck  It was a vast network of people who helped fugitive slaves escape to the North and to Canada  was not run by any single organization or person  Whites & blacks helped  effectively moved hundreds of slaves northward each year  the South lost 100,000 slaves between 1810 and 1850 thanks to the UR -network of anti-slavery advocates who helped slaves escape -used railroad terminology and symbols -many times slaves needed to get to Canada to be totally free -Harriet Tubman - “Black Moses” – guided hundreds of slaves to safety

Uncle Tom’s Cabin -Harriet Beecher Stowe – wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” in opened Northerners eyes to the evils of slavery -depicted evil side of slavery to the public CHARACTERS: “Uncle Tom ”-- Slave who even under the worst conditions, prays to God and finds a way to keep his faith. As the novel progresses, the cruel treatment that Tom suffers at the hands of Simon Legree threatens his belief in God, but Tom withstands his doubts and dies the death of a Christian martyr. “Simon Legree”-- Tom’s ruthlessly evil master on the Louisiana plantation. A vicious, barbaric, and loathsome man, Legree fosters violence and hatred among his slaves , sold over a million copies Lincoln: “So you’re the little lady that started this great war…” Her inspiration for this book was the Fugitive Slave Laws! intended to convince a Christian audience that slavery is an evil institution and must be destroyed bestseller in the 19th century, selling over 300,000 copies in its first year Then over a million copies! been translated into over 60 languages