Unit 1, Chapter 1, Section 2: The Neolithic Revolution When – Around 8000 BCE (10,000 years ago) to 4000 BCE Neo – New; Lithic – Stone (New Stone Age)

What's the difference? Paleolithic – Hunters and gatherers Followed food as it traveled Nomadic lifestyle Neolithic - SYSTEMATIC AGRICULTURE DOMESTICATION A more settled community lifestyle How did paleolithic man get its food?

What's being grown/domesticated? Wheat and Barley (Rice in Asia) Cows, sheep, goats and pigs Cats and Dogs Horses, elephants, camels, llamas Dogs – Loyal, valuable in hunting for trapping or cornering prey Cats – Eat mice that might eat crops Others – Milk, clothing and/or meat

Çatalhöyük One of the largest preserved neolithic villages discovered. Approximately 8700 years old Could have housed around 6,000 people Evidence of temples leading to early thoughts of religion Translates to “Fork Mound” 6,000 people about a third of what can be held at JLA

Çatalhöyük How are they getting in to the houses/getting from house to house? What else do you notice about the village?

Çatalhöyük – What do we do? ARTISANS – People who specialize in the production of items or objects.

What are the results of the Neolithic Revolution? Defensive walls Store houses Improved tools

Roles of men and women Men take on greater role of herding and farming in addition to hunting. Women take care of duties around home.

What do we get out of the Neolithic Era? Basis for farming and domesticating animals Refinement of tools to help daily life Artisans specializing in individual products Basis for economies and wealth. Materials change from stone to copper to bronze to iron

Odds and ends of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic Eras Early surgeries using flint or obsidian knives Kos, show the arrowheads!

Odds and ends of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic Eras Early versions of boats and canoes dug out from trees (also known as dugout boats)‏ This is thought to have been built around 8500 B.C.

Odds and ends of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic Eras This one was built around 6000 B.C. in Africa. Other boats theorized to have been made of wood and wrapped in leather or animal hides.

Odds and ends of the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic Eras Possibly the first calendars. Tailored clothing? Early dentistry. Beer and drugs? Fermentation of foods for preservation. Furniture and lavatory use. Lamps and early flashlights. National Geographic article showed signs of drilling in teeth from 9000 year old body. Reasoning why is undetermined but therapeutic reasons suspected. Beer possibly discovered by accident, according to residue from artifacts. Drugs suggested as reason for cave paintings. Pic from Skara Brae, Scotland around 3000 B.C.

Culture and Civilization Culture – A person or a group of people's way of life Civilization – A larger culture shared by a group of people located in a similar area.

Cities No more nomadic lifestyles Area to connect a group of people Residents share a common lifestyle Each resident typically has a role within the city

Government The need for rules and regulations Early governments lead by Monarchs (Kings and Queens)

Religion Seeking to find the need to explain the world and what happens Gods and Goddesses needed to be appeased for the civilization's success Priests

Social Structure Social classes – Groups of people rising to have more power than others

Writing The ability to keep records and documents. Also the ability to express one's self creatively.

Art Expressing one's self creatively. Also for pleasing those of the higher classes or the Gods and Goddesses.