Ch.2. Spheres (Material systems consisting of Earth)  Lithosphere: Rocks (minerals)  Hydrosphere: Water  Atmosphere: Gases of air  Biosphere: Life.

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Presentation transcript:

Ch.2. Spheres (Material systems consisting of Earth)  Lithosphere: Rocks (minerals)  Hydrosphere: Water  Atmosphere: Gases of air  Biosphere: Life forms and organics Environmental systems are part of these spheres, characterized by their combination and interactions

Ch.2.  Lithosphere: Primarily comprised by rocks From And minerals are the fundamental constituents of the rocks

Chemical composition of the Earth From

 Properties of rocks of environmental significance Physical (structures & textures): control interaction (reaction) pathways, areas, times, and spaces Chemical (mineral chemistry): control interaction (reaction) types and reactivities

Karst areas naturally highly vulnerable to pollution From

 Types of (chemical) reaction affecting pollutant’s fate Dissolution/precipitation Ion exchange Adsorption/desorption Hydration/dehydration Hydrolysis Oxidation/reduction Others (polymerization, radioactive decays, etc.)

 Types of minerals (Examples of environmental concern) Silicates (Asbestos, clay minerals) Carbonates (Hardness, buffer capacity, global warming) Sulfates Sulfides (Acid pptn, AMD) Oxides/hydroxides (AMD, Reactive barrier) Halogenides (Irrigation, radioactive waste disposal) Phosphates (Eutrophication) Elemental minerals (Industrial application) Others

asbestoscalcitegypsumpyrite goethitehaliteapatitenatural gold

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