STEM Whodunit? Practice Lab

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Presentation transcript:

STEM Whodunit? Practice Lab Blood Typing Lab STEM Whodunit? Practice Lab

Blood Typing What’s your blood type? ex., mine is O+ ABO and Rh factors are totally independent of each other

ABO Antigens and Antibodies Surface Antigens Antibodies A Anti-B B Anti-A AB A, B none O

The Rh Factor Also called D antigen Either Rh positive (Rh+) or Rh negative (Rh-) Surface Antigens Rh+ Rh factor Rh- none

Blood Type Test Determines blood type and compatibility Figure 19–7

Blood Types Genetically determined cell surface markers (antigens) on RBCs, including ABO group – glycolipids on RBC surface Rh factor – membrane protein

4 Basic Blood Types A has surface antigen A B has surface antigen B AB has both antigens A and B O has neither A nor B A has type B antibodies B has type A antibodies O has both A and B antibodies AB has neither A nor B antibodies

4 Basic Blood Types Antigens also called agglutinogens Antibodies called agglutinins Figure 19–6a

Blood type questions Which blood type is the best in emergency settings (hint: which type can be given to anyone?) Which blood type is the lucky one that can receive blood from any donor?

Cross-Reaction If donor and recipient blood types not compatible: Plasma antibody meets its specific surface antigen and blood will agglutinate (clot) and hemolyze (kill each other) This is really bad….

Cross-Reaction Figure 19–6b

Blood typing procedures 6 trays with three wells each Victim Crime scene Suspect 1 A B Rh A B Rh A B Rh Suspect 2 Suspect 3 Suspect 4 A B Rh A B Rh A B Rh 6 Bottles of “blood” 3 Bottles of antibodies

Blood Typing Procedures For each well Place 1-2 drops of blood from one bottle in all 3 wells 1-2 drops of crime scene in each of the three wells 1-2 drops of victim in each of the three wells 1-2 drops of suspect 1 in each of the three wells 1-2 drops of suspect 2 in each of the three wells 1-2 drops of suspect 3 in each of the three wells 1-2 drops of suspect 4 in in each of the three wells For each tray add: 1-3 drops of anti-A serum to one well and stir 1-3 drops of anti-B serum to one well and stir 1-3 drops of anti-Rh serum to one well and stir Look for clumping reaction

Blood type? What is the blood type? x = clumping rxn. Next question: what antibodies does this person have in their blood? A B Rh X X

Example of Determining Genotype – Punnett Square Mom’s phenotype is group A, genotype AO Dad’s phenotype is group B, genotype BO B O A AB 25% AO 25% (Group A) BO 25% (Group B) OO 25% (Group O)

Group O Approximately 45% of the population is group O. No A or B antigens present, think of as “0” antigens present. These individuals form potent anti-A and anti-B antibodies which circulate in the blood plasma at all times.

Group A Approximately 40% of the population is group A. No B antigens present. These individuals form potent anti-B antibodies which circulate in the blood plasma at all times.

Group B Approximately 11% of the population is group B. No A antigens present. These individuals form potent anti-A antibodies which circulate in the blood plasma at all times.

Group AB Approximately 4% of the population is group AB. Both A and B antigens present. These individuals possess no ABO antibodies. NOTE: This slide is in error as it only illustrates presence of one antigen not 2.