Chapter 9: The Russian Domain

Learning Objectives Describe the varied physical landscapes of the Russian Domain and consider the Soviet legacy of environmental degradation. Trace the geopolitical frameworks from the early Russian empire to the post-Soviet era. Contrast urban, economic and social development in the region during and after the Soviet era. Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Key Concepts Podzol and Chernozem Soils Taiga Permafrost Trans-Siberian Railroad BAM Railroad Tsars Gulag Archipelago Russification Mikrorayons Dacha Slavic Peoples Eastern Orthodox Christianity Cossacks Bolsheviks Autonomous Areas Glasnost Perestroika CIS Denuclearization Centralized Economic Planning Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Setting the Boundaries Northern half of Eurasia Includes Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Moldova, Georgia and Armenia Rapid political and economic change Persisting Russian influence in this region Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

The Russian Domain Figure 9.1 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Environmental Issues - Overview Figure 9.2 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Environmental Issues (cont’d) Impacts of Soviet Industrialization Air, Water & Nuclear Pollution Figure 9.4 Figure 9.3 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Physical Setting Figure 9.5 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Diverse Physical Landscapes European West Ural Mountains and Siberia Taiga Permafrost Russian Far East Caucasus and Transcaucasus Figure 9.2.1 – Russian Boreal Forest Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Climate Figure 9.6 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Agricultural Regions Which region is most likely to be dominated by chernozem soils? Figure 9.8 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Agricultural Landscapes Figure 9.10 – Georgia (Caucasus Region) Figure 9.9 – Wheat in Ukraine Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Population and Settlement - European Core - Siberian Hinterlands - Railroad Lines Figure 9.11 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Urban Landscapes Figure 9.13 - Minsk Figure 9.12 - Moscow Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

St. Petersburg, Russia Figure 9.3.2 Figure 9.3.1 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Migration Patterns Figure 9.15 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Migration (cont’d) Eastern Movement Political Motives Trans-Siberian RR BAM RR Political Motives Directed migration Gulag Archipelago Russification Figure 9.14 – Trans-Siberian Railroad Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Urban Form in Russian Cities Figure 9.16 Mix of imperial, Soviet and post-Soviet influences City core: most desirable Housing Mikrorayons Dacha Figure 9.17 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Demographic Crisis Persistently declining population Combination of lower fertility and higher mortality Social, economic and environmental interactions Figure 9.18 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Cultural Coherence and Diversity Figure 9.19 Dominance of Slavic peoples Russian empire expansion Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Linguistic Diversity Figure 9.21 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Linguistic Diversity in the Caucasus Figure 9.23 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Ethnic and Religious Diversity Figure 9.24 – Russian Orthodox Church Figure 9.22 – Ethnic Buryat Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Geopolitical Framework Figure 9.27 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Soviet Era Geopolitics Bolsheviks Autonomous Areas Glasnost Perestroika Figure 9.26 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

The Case of Kaliningrad Strategic Space: The Case of Kaliningrad Russian Exclave Figures 9.5.1 and 9.5.2 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Current Geopolitics Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Denuclearization Internal Republics of the Russian Federation Regional Tensions Figure 9.29 - Kazan Figure 8.32 Figure 9.30 - Groznyy Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Economic Development Legacy of centralized economic planning Changing relationships in the post-Soviet era Challenges with privatization Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Natural Resources and Industry Figure 9.31 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Social Development Imperiled by: Organized crime Harsh economic times Housing costs Growing poverty Health care crisis Lower status of women Figure 9.34 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff

Economic Globalization…Oil Figure 9.35 Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff