 Understand the concept and scope of IT Infrastructure  Understand with various components and technologies that make up IT Infrastructure  Learn the various types of IS architecture and IS resource management methods  This unit forms the basis for decisions related IT acquisition

 Computing platforms used to provide access to users such as mainframes, personal computers etc  Telecommunication services that provide connectivity to IT services  Data Management Services that store and manage corporate data  Application software services  Physical facilities for the above

 IT Management services that plan and develop the infrastructure  IT standards services that provide firm how IT services will be used  IT Training services  IT Research and Development services

 Public: Internet, telephone network, industry networks such as VAN  Enterprise:  Business Unit  Key issue: How these are managed and used?: Centralised/Decentralised/Distributed

 Mainframe Era  Micro Computer Era  Distributed / Client Server Era  Ubiquitous Era /Internet and Mobile Computing Era  Read HBR article: Managing in an information age: IT Challenges and opportunities

 Moore’s Law ◦ Computing power doubles every 2 years ◦ Price of computing falls every 18 months  Law of Mass Digital Storage ◦ Amt of digital Information is doubling every year ◦ Cost of storing digital information is falling at exponential rate  Declining costs of communication and internet

 Metcalfes Law: Value or power of a network grows exponentially as a function of network members.  Development of Standards: TCP/IP, WWW, Wintel

 Computer Hardware Platforms: Dell, IBM, Sun, HP, Apple (13%)  Operating System Platforms: ◦ Microsoft Windows, UNIX, LINUX, Mac OS (12%)  Enterprise Software: ◦ SAP, Oracle, Peoplesoft, Microsoft (20%)  Note: % indicates an estimate of spending in each category of total spending

 Data Management and Storage: IBM DB2, Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL, EMC Systems (9%)  Networking and Telecommunications hardware: ◦ Microsoft windows server, Cisco, Lucent, Nortel, AT & T(19%)  Internet Platforms: ◦ Apache, Microsoft IIS, Java (4%)  Consultants and System Integrators(22%) ◦ IBM, EDS, Accenture, Infosys

 IS architecture – how resources are deployed ◦ Centralised ◦ Decentralised ◦ Distributed  IS Management – how resources are managed ◦ Centralised ◦ Decentralised ◦ Distributed

 Applications and data stored in server/mainframe  + High degree of control  +maintain standards of hardware/software  -difficult when individual units have different requirements  Dependency on telecommunication systems

 Standardisation of hardware and software  Easier training  Effective planning of shared systems  Efficient use of IS personnel  Control over resources  Cost effective  - Delay in procurement of resources  - Individual departments has lesser role to play in selection

 Allows departments to independently maintain and use IS  + Control over data and resources by individual units  - integration and sharing data is difficult  -No standardisation

 + Better suitable applications  + Applications available on time  + End user procure or develop their own applications  - Resource Control may be lost

 Individual units owning resources and having control that are connected to other units  IS management may be centralised/ Decentralised/combination may be used

 Has Central Information systems department  Responsible for acquiring solutions that have impact over entire enterprise : systems, Website, Peoplesoft, Blackboard, Wireless access  Individual department and institutions responsible for day to day operations and maintenance by dept. Technician/Programmer. Faculty incharge for lab appointed for every Lab.  Dept. head responsible for preparation of annual budget for IS resource requirement in consultation with technical staff and faculty incharge.  Annual Maintenace Contract for maintenance (both preventive and corrective) of hardware assets and network is given to Wipro  Purchasing decision centralised. The budget passed by departments approved in budget meeting. IS head also part of the budget meeting and his decision critical in approving the requirements of the user.

 Website implementation at the University should be centralised or decentralised?