Grammar Lesson 43 Vocab: Fin- Latin root meaning end or boundary Finale – last part or conclusion of performance or course of action Finite – having definite limits or boundaries

Commas, Part 2: Direct Address, Appositives, Academic Degrees Nouns of direct address name the person being spoken to Noun of direct address can be the actual name or a name you are using for that person Nouns of direct address are offset from the rest of the sentence by commas There may be more than one noun of direct address

Appositives Some appositives are offset from the sentence by commas Essential appositives – essential to the meaning of the sentence – are not offset with commas Nonessential appositives – informative, but nonessential to the meaning of the sentence – are offset with commas

Academic Degrees Academic degrees are usually abbreviated when they follow a person’s name See page 258 for a list of common abbreviations Academic degrees and other titles are offset from a person’s name and the rest of the sentence by commas Example: Jonathan Dayton, LL.D., led the Federalist party in New Jersey for a quarter of a century.

Grammar Lesson 44 Vocab Any way – in any manner Anyway – in any case, nevertheless Anyways – not a word

Overused Adjectives/Unnecessary Articles Overused adjectives Great, nice, good, bad, terrible, awful, rotten, wonderful, neat Try to use more specific or interesting adjectives when possible Unnecessary articles Do not use the before “both” Do not use a or an after “kind of,” “sort of,” or “type of”

Grammar Lesson 45 Vocab Ject – Latin root from the word jacere meaning “throw” or “hurl” Conjecture – from ject- “throw” and the prefix con- “together” – means throw together a theory based on few facts, guess Trajectory – from ject- “hurl” and trans- “across” – means hurling across, a curved path taken by a projectile

Verbals as Adjectives: Infinitives and Participles Infinitives – can function as a noun or an adjective Participles – a verb form ending in ing or ed or sometimes en, d, or t Usually function as adjectives – crowing, spoken, bent See board for diagramming