Urban WASH project in Philippines Project Two (Toilet, Water and Oresol) Tondo Slum (Manila), near Smokey Mountain Landfill. Budget: EUR (funded through 3FM Campaign) Timeframe: Jan 2014 – Dec 2016 Titel van de presentatie | datum 2

Tondo Slum & Smokey Mountain Titel van de presentatie | datum 3

Project area Direct beneficiaries: 2 Schools: Pupils in 3 shifts Barangay individuals (2.042 households) 3 clusters: -Road 10 & Riverside -Katuparan (buildings) -Proper Titel van de presentatie | datum 4

Cluster 1 - Proper Titel van de presentatie | datum household, individuals Mostly formal inhabitants with land rights Relatively well off (financially) Decent multi story concrete houses High density Mostly own toilet with septic tank and formal water connection Main Issues: open urination, drainage, solid waste management

Cluster 2 - Katuparan/Buildings Titel van de presentatie | datum household, individuals Temporary resettlement site from Smokey mountain in the 1980s Formal inhabitants, threat of eviction Relatively well off Buildings in disrepair and many self-built extensions Each unit has its own toilet and formal water connection (difficulties with paying the bills), buildings have septic tanks Informal settlers live on and around the buildings Main issues: solid waste management, drainage, state of septic tanks, sanitation options for informal settlers

Riverside & Road 10: 476 household, 1868 individuals Informal settlers High poverty High density Low literacy Barong-barong houses from scrap materials Almost no sanitation facilities, water supply via a communal hose Main issues: lack of sanitation, lack of water supply, high tide, floods, solid waste management, livelihood, Titel van de presentatie | datum 7

Clustering beneficiaries – different approaches Cluster 1 - Proper: Clean up campaign Hygiene promotion (mass campaign approach) Cluster 2 – Buildings: Sanitation options for informal settlers Clean up campaign Hygiene promotion (mass campaign approach) Cluster 3 – Riverside and Road 10 Sanitation options Clean up campaign Hygiene promotion (PHAST approach) Titel van de presentatie | datum 8

Community participation Community - challenges: Results from VCA revealed different priorities in the community: livelihoods and safety (fires and flooding). Different interest and expectation in each cluster: low participation in general, mainly in buildings and proper. No (available) space for community meetings in Road 10 & Riverside. Sessions are held in alleys, sidewalks, and corridors. No safe environment for people to move among sectors for attending sessions. Titel van de presentatie | datum 9

Community participation Titel van de presentatie | datum 10 Project staff and volunteers - challenges: PHAST implemented by Community Organizers (paid staff) and barangay volunteers. Low skills, poor authority. High turn over of staff (community organizers) and volunteers. Low level of facilitation skills among staff: more prescriptive and didactic than participatory. Low motivation among volunteers – clima of violence (security threats). Volunteers accompanied by barangay police. Methodology - challenges Standard PHAST approach for the entire barangay. PHAST toolkit (rural context) Rigid approach: PHAST coverage indicators (80% population covered in PHAST session for each step). Very low pace. No hardware intervention until PHAST step 4 is completed. Loss of interest.

Community participation Titel van de presentatie | datum 11 Actions / Recommendations (2015 missions and MTR): PHAST only in Riverside & Road 10 Mass hygiene campaign approach for Proper and Building Design of a hygiene communication plan based on BCC principles. Adapting PHAST toolkit to urban context More flexible in coverage – faster implementation Initiation of hardware activities and clean up campaigns Capacity building (facilitation skills)

Community participation Current outcomes (identified in MTR): Greater community sense and cohesiveness: shifting from mentality of ‘mind your own business’. Clean-up events becoming recurrent and initiated by barangay leaders. Establishment of barangay sweepers. Enforcement of environmental law, by Barangay Council. Water connection facilitated by Maynilad, National Housing Authority and Barangay Council for Riverside & Road 10. Inhabitants of informal areas feel more recognized as part of the barangay. Greater recognition & appreciation of PRCS volunteers role & activities by community. Safer environment for volunteers. PHAST step 4 (decision making) has resulted in greater participation. Titel van de presentatie | datum 12

Hardware intervention Comon challenges to Road 10 & Riverside and Buildings: No physical space to place facilities High ground water level and close to river/sea High tide and floods Informality of settlements: no land rights, tenants, risk of eviction Structural damage in existing housing facilities (Building area) Difficulty coordinating with National Housing Authority (NHA) Temporary solutions: no permission from NHA for permanent structures. Affordability (investment, O&M): poverty rate, no livelihood options Titel van de presentatie | datum 13

Sanitation ladder Titel van de presentatie | datum 14 Open defecation – Flying toilet Peepoo bag Household toilet box Communal toilet

WASH in schools Rehabilitation of toilets in schools (1 school accomplished; 2nd school facing chalenges with water connection). WASH committees established & trained Toilet attendants trained CHAST training (teachers and pupils) Hygiene club established – hygiene education as part of official curricula Handwashing events Challenges & Actions: Poor M&E Establishment of M&E fund co-participated by School, Parent association and PRCS. Specific IEC materials for O&M (video) Titel van de presentatie | datum 15

Handwashing events Titel van de presentatie | datum 16