The Battle for North America Part I

 Spanish missions founded in Florida ◦ St. Augustine founded to drive out French Huguenots, claim land for Catholicism and Spain ◦ Missions extended up into Georgia  Relationship with Native Americans ◦ Native American rebellions due to treatment ◦ 26,000 converted to Christianity

 English settlement 60mi north of Spanish GA ◦ Modern day South Carolina ◦ Mostly trappers  English wanted GA lands ◦ Wanted to sell natives there as slaves ◦ Used the Yamassee Indians to attack Spanish lands  Georgia’s missions couldn’t keep defending ◦ Evacuated to Florida ◦ Had to deal with raids even there

 France & Spain vs. England, Netherlands, Denmark, Austria, and Portugal ◦ European war ◦ 1702  An excuse for attacks on Spanish in the New World

 Gov. Moore led South Carolina against Florida  Gov. Cerda (Spanish) took people of St. Augustine to St. Mark’s castle for protection  St. Augustine looted  Spanish backup came from Havana  Gov. Moore burned British ships ◦ So they couldn’t be used for Spanish evacuation ◦ Fled back north by land  Took 500 Native Americans to sell as slaves

 Moore led Carolinians and Creek Indians ◦ Attacked mission at Concepcion de Ayubale  Small band of Spanish and Apalachee Indians defended Church ◦ Spanish soldiers under Captain Mejia came to help ◦ Drove them away twice ◦ Ran out of ammo and surrendered  All but 1,000 were slaughtered after the surrender ◦ Survivors were taken as slaves

 British raided Apalachee region of W. Florida ◦ 13 missions destroyed ◦ 4,000 Apalachees killed  British fought French along St. Lawrence River  War ended in 1713 ◦ Spanish didn’t lose any colonies  France lost Hudson Bay territory, Nova Scotia, and Newfoundland ◦ Taken by England in the peace settlement

 Jenkins: English sea captain ◦ Went to trade w/ Spanish colonies  Only Spanish ships could trade w/ Spanish colonies ◦ Ear was cut off and he was sent back to England  England declared war on Spain ◦ War fought both in Europe and in the Americas ◦ France and Spain allies  Rulers were members of same family  Gen. James Edward Ogelthorpe ◦ Fought Spanish in Florida ◦ Claimed conquered lands for King George II of England  Called them “Georgia” in his honor

 English colonists wanted to settle in Ohio River Valley ◦ Both sides claimed it part of their territory  French built forts ◦ Upset VA Gov. Dinwiddie who told them to stop  21yr old George Washington chosen to deliver message  Message ignored  Washington sent again ◦ This time to drive out the French

 Family had lived in VA since 1657  Father: Augustine Washington ◦ Owned six plantations  Washington became a surveyor  George inherited brother’s Mount Vernon estate ◦ Lived there as a VA gentleman and a tobacco farmer

 Washington reached Ohio Valley ◦ French had already built Fort Duquesne  Washington built log stockade at Great Meadows ◦ Led surprise attack on small band of French troops  Killed commander and 9 others  Took rest prisoner  French upset at attack ◦ Led 700 men on Washington’s 350 ◦ Day long battle ◦ Washington surrendered on July 4 th ◦ Disarmed the men and allowed them to leave  Gov. Dinwiddie made Washington a Lieutenant Colonel for his experience