NEW SPAIN CH. 3 L. 5 NOTES (PG. 110 – 113)

VOCABULARY Colony – an area of land ruled by another country Colony – an area of land ruled by another country Mission – a religious community where priests taught Christianity Mission – a religious community where priests taught Christianity Convert – to change a religion or belief Convert – to change a religion or belief Hacienda – a large farm or ranch, often with its own village and church Hacienda – a large farm or ranch, often with its own village and church Revolt – a violent uprising against a ruler Revolt – a violent uprising against a ruler

NEW SPAIN By 1535, the Spanish controlled the former Aztec empire in Mexico By 1535, the Spanish controlled the former Aztec empire in Mexico It became a colony called New Spain It became a colony called New Spain Spanish settlers started towns and farms Spanish settlers started towns and farms They also started silver and gold mines They also started silver and gold mines New Spain grew larger because of the arrival of government officials, settlers, soldiers, and priests New Spain grew larger because of the arrival of government officials, settlers, soldiers, and priests For over 200 years, priests and explorers traveled north and started missions For over 200 years, priests and explorers traveled north and started missions

NEW SPAIN SETTLEMENTS Spanish built forts called presidios to protect their new land from other countries trying to settle Spanish built forts called presidios to protect their new land from other countries trying to settle Pedro Menéndez de Aviles began the settlement of St. Augustine in present day Florida It is now the oldest city in the United States De Aviles also tried to convert the Guale Indians to Roman Catholicism He also forced them to build roads and grow crops

NEW SPAIN SETTLEMENTS Juan de Oñate began the settlement of Santa Fe in present day New Mexico Juan de Oñate began the settlement of Santa Fe in present day New Mexico Junípero Serra led an expedition up the coast of California Helped build presidios, missions, and settlements such as San Diego

LIFE IN NEW SPAIN After conquering the Aztecs, the Spanish didn’t find much gold After conquering the Aztecs, the Spanish didn’t find much gold New Spain had good soil to farm New Spain had good soil to farm Many settlers built haciendas Many settlers built haciendas Americans Indians were forced to work on haciendas Americans Indians were forced to work on haciendas Many died from being overworked Many died from being overworked Spain brought African slaves to replace the Indians Spain brought African slaves to replace the Indians By 1650, about 130,000 African slaves had been brought to New Spain By 1650, about 130,000 African slaves had been brought to New Spain

LIFE IN NEW SPAIN Priests wanted to convert American Indians to Roman Catholicism Priests wanted to convert American Indians to Roman Catholicism Some Indians converted, learned to speak Spanish, and farmed the way Europeans did Some Indians converted, learned to speak Spanish, and farmed the way Europeans did Bartolomé de las Casas convinced the Spanish king to make laws to protect the American Indians Bartolomé de las Casas convinced the Spanish king to make laws to protect the American Indians Laws were passed, but they were ignored by the settlers Laws were passed, but they were ignored by the settlers

LIFE IN NEW SPAIN Many American Indians didn’t convert to Roman Catholicism Many American Indians didn’t convert to Roman Catholicism They practiced their own religion and traditions They practiced their own religion and traditions In 1680, Popé, led the Pueblo Indians in a revolt against the Spanish in New Mexico In 1680, Popé, led the Pueblo Indians in a revolt against the Spanish in New Mexico In 1692, returned and conquered the Indians again In 1692, returned and conquered the Indians again