IGCSE Latin American Music

Latin Amerca Mexico, Central America, Parts of the Caribbean, and South America Influence from Europe (Spanish and Portugues), Africa, and Native cultures. Most of this region is Spanish speaking, however some countries also speak Portugues, English, and French. Not all countries in the region are considered “Latin” (ex. Jamaica, Guyana). You will not need to be able to identify which country a piece of music comes from in your exam.

Mariachi

Mariachi Vihuela Guitarron Mariachi is a type of ensemble originating in Mexico. Used in celebrations Birthdays, holidays, weddings, funerals, etc. Ensemble contains Violins, trumpets, guitars, guitarron, vihuela, Occasionally, other instruments may be used. Article Vihuela Guitarron

Mariachi Listening – Link – Cielito Lindo What is the time signature? Which instruments are used? Name the technique used in the violins at 0:38. Name two things that change at this point. What texture is this music?

Mariachi Listening 2 – Link – Jesusita en Chihuahua What is the time signature? What word would you use to describe the tempo? What is the technique being used by the violins in the beginning? How would you describe the relationship between the violins and trumpets in this song? What is the texture?

Tango Bitesize - Tango

Typical Instruments Bandoneon Violin Guitar Flute Piano

Tango Dance music from Argentina and Uruguay. Can be instrumental or have vocals. Usually played on guitar, however an orquesta típica is often used. String section – Violin, viola, cello Banodeon section Rhythm section – Piano, Double Bass Examples : La Puñalada, La Espera, Tango Negro Trio In 2/4 or 4/4 time. Melodramatic Syncopated rhythms

Tango Listening - Link What is the key signature? What is the first instrument you hear? What other instruments do you hear? What type of voice is the singer? Baritone Bass Tenor Alto Name 3 examples of why this example is typical of tango?

Andean Music

Andes Cultural influences from the Incas, Spain, Africa, Asia The Andes Mountains begin in Venezuela and end on the Southern tip on Argentina. Within these mountains was the Incan empire which spanned from Ecuador to Bolivia. The Incas, along with Spanish settlers created a unique music known as “Andean”. Cultural influences from the Incas, Spain, Africa, Asia

Andean Instruments Pan Flute / Panpipes (Zampoña) Charango (small, double stringed guitar) Cajon Rain Stick Chullus Bombo Leguero (drum) Other instruments such as violins, guitars, and brass may also be used.

Andean Music Elements Use of Pentatonic Scale Traditional instruments are wood winds, percussion, and strings. Huayno – tradtional Peruvian music, is the music typically heard from this region. Emphasis on beat 1. El Condor Pasa

Andean Listening - Link What are the two instruments in the beginning? How are they different from each other? What is the texture? What key is it in? What instrument(s) enters at 1:21.

Andean Listening - Link What is the texture? How do you notate the rhythm in the charango? What is the key signature? What is the time signature? What would you call the repeated rhythm in the background? List 3 examples of why this music is typical of Latin American music.