US History Core 100 Goal 1 Goal 1: The New Nation ( ) - The learner will identify, investigate, and assess the effectiveness of the institutions of the emerging republic.

First Political Parties Democratic-RepublicansFederalists  Thomas Jefferson  Strong support in south and west  People and states should retain as many rights as possible  Strict construction of the Constitution to limit the powers of the federal government  Members were made up of farmers, frontier settlers, small shopkeepers, and laborers.  Today’s Democratic party is a descendant of this party  Alexander Hamilton  Strong support in New England  Fearful of placing too much power in the hands of the people  Favored a strong national government and believed in a loose construction of the Constitution to broaden the powers of the federal government  Believed that American’s future depended upon the development of a balanced and diversified economy  Well-to-do merchants, bankers, and manufacturers

First Political Parties Democratic-RepublicansFederalists Thomas Jefferson Strict Construction of Constitution Strong State Government Alexander Hamilton Loose Construction of the Constitution Strong National Government

Whiskey Rebellion  1794  Rebellion breaks out in Pennsylvania over taxes  Washington sends in the troops  federal government’s willingness to use troops against its own citizens worried people  Proved the strength of the central government

Washington’s Farewell Address  Before leaving office, George Washington warned Americans against 4 things: Avoid permanent foreign alliances Avoid permanent foreign alliances Avoid political parties Avoid political parties Remain Neutral Remain Neutral Avoid sectionalism issues (North vs South) Avoid sectionalism issues (North vs South)

Alien and Sedition Acts  1798, Federalist Party  Aliens had to wait 14 years to become a citizen and the president could deport any alien without a trial who was dangerous to the US  Sedition, incitement to rebel, federal crime to utter or print anything “false, scandalous, and malicious” against the fed gov’t Went against the 1 st Amendment’s Freedom of Speech Went against the 1 st Amendment’s Freedom of Speech Hurt President Adams’ chance for re-election Hurt President Adams’ chance for re-election Fall of the Federalist Party Fall of the Federalist Party

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions  Criticized Alien & Sedition Acts  Written by James Madison and Thomas Jefferson  States had the right to NULLIFY (declare invalid) a federal law  Focus: States’ rights

XYZ Affair  Diplomatic episode between France and U.S.  Adams sends US diplomats to France to negotiate to stop the French from seizing US ships  3 French agents demanded the Americans to pay money (a bribe) to speak with the French foreign minister  *** Relationship between France and US worsened  *** Adams was able to keep US from war w/ France  U.S. needs to remain neutral b/c we’re too young!

Marbury v. Madison  1803  Chief Justice John Marshall  Established that the Supreme Court had the power of judicial review  Judicial Review: Court can review any federal, state, or local law or action to see if it is constitutional (allowed by the Constitution) If unconstitutional, can nullify, or cancel, the law or action If unconstitutional, can nullify, or cancel, the law or action **Strengthened the Court**

Louisiana Purchase  1803, U.S. bought land from France  Thomas Jefferson  Doubled the size of the United States  Jefferson almost did not purchase because he interprets the constitution strictly

War of 1812 CausesCourseConsequences British stopping U.S. ships and seizing cargo Impressment: legalized kidnapping of U.S. sailors Americans believed British were encouraging Native Americans to attack settlers in NW territory War Hawks: (Calhoun and Clay) want war… want to add Canada and Florida to the U.S U.S. vs. Great Britain “Second War for Independence” Burning of Washington Battle of New Orleans: Andrew Jackson becomes national hero Francis Scott Key writes the Star- Spangled Banner Treaty of Ghent: Dec. 24, 1814 Neither side won: stalemate Restoration of pre-war boundaries Manufacturing goes up in the U.S. b/c Americans couldn’t get goods from Europe during the war Saw need for a strong national government Europe begins to respect U.S. Nationalism increases Federalist Party dissolves (Hartford Convention)

Embargo Act of 1807  Issued by Thomas Jefferson  Stopped trade with Europe  Hurt Americans more “Ograbme”

Impressment  Legalized form of kidnapping  British capture US sailors and force them to fight in British navy  Cause of the War of 1812

Washington, D.C.  British march to Washington, D.C. in 1814  They burn the White House, the Capitol, and other public buildings  James and Dolley Madison save important documents (Constitution, Declaration of Independence) and artwork from the White House  American morale at all time low

Battle of New Orleans  Fought after the Treaty of Ghent was signed (which ended the War of 1812)  Americans win a great victory using American artillery and sharpshooting riflemen  Andrew Jackson becomes an American hero

Nationalism  Sense of pride in our country  We are American!!  Nationalism grows after the War of 1812

Hartford Convention   Group of federalists in New England that threatened to secede from the US  Opposed the War of 1812  Ends the Federalist Party