The Moral Principles By: Ronald F. White, Ph.D Professor of Philosophy

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Utilitarianism Maximize good.

Advertisements

What is a normative theory?

Ethical Theories and Major Moral Principles. Ethical Theories Utilitarianism: Jeremy Bentham ( ) John Stuart Mill ( ) an ethics of consequences.

Theories- Descriptive Inquiry –Scientific Theories v. Metaphysical Theories Prescriptive Inquiry –Normative Theories v. Metaethical Theories.

Chapter Seven: Utilitarianism

L To distribute goods and services fairly, protecting everyone’s right to equal opportunity and bettering the lives of all members of society (liberalism:

COMP 381. Agenda  TA: Caitlyn Losee  Books and movies nominations  Team presentation signup Beginning of class End of class  Rawls and Moors.

Mill on conscience and justice

Consequentialist Ethical Theories Egoism: the good is whatever promotes my long-term interests Hedonism: we should pursue pleasures that are not mixed.

How Actions Can Be Morally Evaluated l Teleological Ethics: we are morally obligated to do X because of its good consequences l Deontological Ethics: X.

THE PRINCIPLE OF UTILITY: Bentham

ETHICAL APPROACHES JUSTICE ETHICS OF CARE RIGHTS UTILITARIANISM.

Normative Ethical Theory Jim Okapal Asst. Professor of Philosophy Missouri Western State University.

Thomas Hobbes ( ) l Fear of others in the state of nature (apart from society) prompts people to form governments through a social contract l State.

 Focuses on the consequences that actions or policies have on the well- being ("utility") of all persons directly or indirectly affected by the action.

THEORIES ABOUT RIGHT ACTION (ETHICAL THEORIES)

Chapter One: Moral Reasons

Euthanasia. The Utilitarian Argument The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, Utility, or the Greatest Happiness Principle, holds that.

 Rawls was influenced by Kant and Aristotle  An American Philosopher  Wrote the Following: A Theory of Justice, Political Liberalism, The Law of Peoples,

CRITICAL QUESTION How should the bounty of a society be distributed?

Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Business Ethics Concepts & Cases Manuel G. Velasquez.

Utilitarianism. Nature has placed mankind under the governance of two sovereign masters; pain and pleasure. It is for them alone to point out what we.

Utilitarianism or Consequentialism Good actions are those that result in good consequences. The moral value of an action is extrinsic to the action itself.

Justice John Stuart Mill. British Philosopher 1806 – 1873 Most Famous Works: Utiliarianism deals with ethics. On Liberty deals with political philosophy.

Values in Contemporary Management: A Primer on Ethical Decision-making for MGT 360 Wayne Smith, Ph.D. Department of Management CSU Northridge

RISK Ronald F. White, Ph.D. Professor of Philosophy College of Mount St. Joseph.

Utilitarianism. Types of Theory Teleological Teleological The consequence of the moral act is the important thing.

CHAPTER EIGHT: SOCIAL PHILOSOPHY P H I L O S O P H Y A Text with Readings TENTH EDITION M A N U E L V E L A S Q U E Z.

Justice Paradox of Justice Small volcanic island has two villages, “South Town” (Pop 300) and “North Village” (Pop 500). Threat of devastating volcanic.

Utilitarianism is a kind of consequentialism

Chapter 9 Ethics of Caring. Changes Increasing Ethical Dilemmas for Nurses Expanded role of nurses. Medical technology. New fiscal constraints. Greater.

LIBERTY, EQUALITY AND JUSTICE GONDA YUMITRO. LIBERTY Liberty is the ultimate moral ideal. Individuals have rights to life, liberty, and property that.

Chapter One: Moral Reasons Review Applying Ethics: A Text with Readings (10 th ed.) Julie C. Van Camp, Jeffrey Olen, Vincent Barry Cengage Learning/Wadsworth.

Ch 12 – Conclusion: Applying Ethical Theories

Is the pure free market distribution of wealth and income fair and just?

Justice as Fairness John Rawls PHL 110: ETHICS North Central College.

Business Ethics Chapter # 3 Ethical Principles, Quick Tests, and Decision-Making Guidelines  The best kind of relationship in the world is the one in.

Ethics A look at the reasons behind decisions about what is right and wrong. What is the right thing to do?

Equity and Sustainability. Roseland and Equity North/South comparison … fairness The developed nations need to consider ‘our own poor’ … Definitional:

J.S. Mill Jeremy Bentham. Utilitarianism “The creed which accepts as the foundation of morals, utility, or the greatest happiness principle, holds that.

Equity: Ethical Approaches to Social Justice “Excuse me, but its important to get those drinks to those who need them the most.”

Moral Reasoning and Ethical Theories “Good engineering, good business, and good ethics work together in the long run.

AS Ethics Utilitarianism Title: - Preference Utilitarianism To begin… What is meant by preference? L/O: To understand Preference Utilitarianism.

DORAL ACADEMY MRS. ORTEGA LAW STUDIES JUSTICE PROFESSOR SANDEL’S HARVARD LECTURES.

WEEK 2 Justice as Fairness. A Theory of Justice (1971) Political Liberalism (1993)

LO: I will explain Peter Singer’s approach to Utilitarianism H/W: Remember, assessment next lesson 10 th.

© 2012 Wanda Teays. All rights reserved. Rawls, like Kant, is a Deontological Ethicist. He emphasizes moral duty and obligations, rather than end goals.

Chapter 2 Discussion: Ethical Principles in Business

Introduction to Philosophy

Moral Principles Paul L. Schumann, Ph.D.

Utilitarianism Essay Plan

Justice in Compensation

universalizability & reversibility

John Rawls’ theory of justice

Justice distribution “Rats and roaches live by competition under the laws of supply and demand; it is the privilege of human beings to live under.

The Ethics of Anti-Aging Medicine

Basic Moral Orientations An Overview

Theory of Health Care Ethics

Ethical Theories Ethical Theories Unit 5.

UTILITARIANISM CONSEQUENTIALISM

Utilitarianism.

OBE 117 BUSINESS AND SOCIETY.

Theories of Justice Retributive Justice – How should those who break the law be punished? Distributive Justice – How should society distribute it’s resources?

Utilitarianism: Jeremy Bentham.

Theories of Ethics.

Missing in Action: Egalitarian Justice and Care Ethics

A Text with Readings TENTH EDITION M A N U E L V E L A S Q U E Z

UTILITARIANISM CONSEQUENTIALISM

Professional Ethics (GEN301/PHI200) UNIT 3: JUSTICE AND ECONOMIC DISTRIBUTION Handout #3 CLO#3 Evaluate the relation between justice, ethics and economic.

Justice distribution “Rats and roaches live by competition under the laws of supply and demand; it is the privilege of human beings to live under.

Presentation transcript:

The Moral Principles By: Ronald F. White, Ph.D Professor of Philosophy College of Mount St. Joseph

Social Utility Greatest Happiness Principle Cost-Benefit Analysis Teleology Hedonism Egoism v. Social Utility Altruism Cost-Benefit Analysis Rule Utilitarianism v. Act Utilitarianism Preference Utilitarianism Universalistic Utilitarianism

Beneficence Definition: “The obligation to advance the most important interests of other persons and remove harms.” Imperfect Duty: Issue: Degree of Personal Sacrifice? Interest: “Anything you have a stake in.” Greater Interests: (needs) Lesser Interests: (wants) Harm: “The invasion of an interest.” Objective Harms: Death, Pain, Disability, Loss of Pleasure.

Non-Maleficence Harm Principle: “Do no harm.” Issues: Do not kill others without a good reason. Do not cause pain to others without a good reason. Do not disable others without a good reason. Do not deprive others of pleasure or opportunity without a good reason. Issues: What is a good reason? Self-Inflicted Harm?

Liberty Autonomy or Self-Direction Self-Ownership Speech v. Acts Liberty Limiting Principles: Harm Principles Harm to Others: Do whatever you want but do not harm others. Harm to Self: Do not harm your self. Harm to Public Institutions: marriage, legal system etc. Offence Principle Legal Moralism: “harmless immorality” Principle of Utility

Justice Material Principles: Spheres of Justice Justice in Retribution (proportionality) Justice in Distribution (role of scarcity) Formal Principle: “Treat equals equally and unequals unequally.” (Fairness) Who benefits and who suffers? Material Principles: Merit Need Equality Utility Contemporary Theories of Justice Patterned Utilitarianism- (J.S. Mill, Peter Singer) Welfare Liberalism (John Rawls) Unpatterned Libertarianism (Robert Nozick, F.A. Hayek)

Evolutionary Foundations for Emotivism Emotions are common among mammals, especially primates (monkeys and apes) Foundational Moral Feelings Sympathy The Expanding Circle In-Group Out-Group Bias Consolation Retribution The Formal Principle of Justice

Evolutionary Foundations for Emotivism Emotions are common among mammals, especially primates (monkeys and apes) Foundational Moral Feelings Sympathy The Expanding Circle In-Group Out-Group Bias Consolation Retribution The Formal Principle of Justice