Chapter 6 Section 3 Life Substances
Carbon in Organisms Carbon has the ability to bond to itself and many other elements Carbon can form single, double or triple bonds—pg. 157 Carbon can form straight chains, branched chains or rings
The ability to bond many different ways makes many different carbon structures possible Carbon compounds vary greatly in size All compounds containing carbon are called ORGANCIC Large organic comounds-- BIOMOLECULES
Polymers: A POLYMER is a large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together Ex: glucose and fructose Polymers are often formed through condensation-removing a H to form
CARBOHYDRATE A biomolecule composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen w/a ratio of about 2 H and 1O for every carbon atom Simplest type of carbohydrate is a MONOSACCHARIDE Ex: glucose, sucrose, fructose,
POLYSACCHARIDES: These are the largest carbohydrate molecules Composed of many monosaccharide subunits Ex: glycogen, cellulose PG. 159-photos
LIPIDS Lipids are large biomolecules that are made mostly of carbon and hydrogen w/small amounts of oxygen ex: fats, oils, waxes and steroids They are insoluble in water Imp. For proper organism function Explanation of SATURATED and UNSATURATED fats—pg 160
PROTEINS A large, complex polymer composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur Essential to all life/provides structure for tissues and organs Amino Acids—basic building blocks of all proteins Proteins are bonded by PEPTIDE BONDS
More on Proteins Proteins come in a variety of shapes and sizes Some consist of 2 or more amino acid chains held together by hydrogen bonds Proteins are the building blocks of many structural components of organisms
Proteins Proteins are important in contracting muscle tissue, transporting oxygen in blood, providing immunity, regulating other proteins, etc.
ENZYMES Proteins that change the rate of a chemical reaction (speed up reactions) Enzymes work in nearly all metabolic processes Action of Enzymes—pg. 162