Genres in American Literature

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Presentation transcript:

Genres in American Literature Romance Sentimentalism Realism Naturalism Modernism Postmodernism 1790-1860 1820-1860 1870-1890 1890-1910 1910-1970 1980-present

Romance Sentimentalism Appeal to the emotions Tales of ideal and truth rather than reality Emphasis on redemption, of individuals or of society Melville

Gothic “a tendency to plunge into the underside of consciousness” Poe, Brown

Realism Verisimilitude The here and now as subject Vernacular rather than elevated speech Reliance on the scientific method Detailed descriptions Events are plausible Gilman, Twain

Naturalism Reliance on scientific principles Attempt objectivity and detachment Nature is indifferent Focus on “the brute within” Determinism Norris

Modernism Fragmentation and alienation Pessimistic, subjective World is not ordered and stable but rather futile and chaotic Self-conscious and self-reflexive

Modernism Impressionism Collage, pastiche Minimalist designs, no elaborate ornament Dos Passos, Eliot

Postmodernism Parody Blurring of distinctions between genres and high/low art De-centered Celebrates, rather than mourns, the fragmentation and meaninglessness of life

Three Phases of Capitalism 1st: market capitalism 1700-1890s Associated with particular technological developments, namely, the steam-driven motor realism.

Monopoly capitalism 2nd: monopoly capitalism: 1890s-1950 (WWII); Electric and internal combustion motors modernism.

Consumer capitalism 3rd: multinational or consumer capitalism (with the emphasis placed on marketing, selling, and consuming commodities, not on producing them) nuclear and electronic technologies postmodernism.

To review: Social control Punish (up to 1800) Discipline (1800-1900) Control (1900-1980s) Option (1990-present) Levers, pulleys Engines Computers Internet, credit cards

J. Alfred Prufrock Written in 1919 Mood of Modernism Society in Prufrock Deodorant Grades Peer pressure The door The Oscars American Idol “If the most idiotic television game shows are so successful, it’s because they express the corporate situation with great precision”