Blood!

I.Make up of Blood A. A type of connective tissue B. Composed of a liquid (plasma), in which formed elements are suspended. C. Blood is somewhat viscous (thick). D. The viscosity of blood is due to the formed elements and the dissolved substances in the plasma

II.Blood Constituents A. Plasma 1. Liquid component of blood 2. Has a yellowish colour 3. Makes up approx. 55% of total blood volume 4. Composed of: a. 90% water b. 10% dissolved substances i. Nutrients ii. Hormones iii. Antibodies iv. Proteins 5. Function: a. Transport dissolved substances to cells, and waste to excretory organs

Image of purified blood plasma

II. Blood Constituents B. Formed Elements 1. Red Blood Cells a. Scientific name is erythrocytes b. Are the most numerous formed element in blood c. Characteristics d. Biconcave disk (disk with indents on both sides) e. No nucleus f. Contains hemoglobin g. Heaviest of the formed elements h. Function i. To transport oxygen to the cells throughout the body.

Image of RBCs under a microscope

II. Blood Constituents 2. White Blood Cells a. Scientific name is leukocytes b. Are the least numerous formed element in blood c. Characteristics d. Transparent cell e. Irregularly shaped f. Have a nucleus g. Function h. To defend against disease i. To provide immunity

Artist drawing of the different types of WBC

II. Blood Constituents 3. Platelets a. Scientific name is thrombocytes b. Characteristics c. Is a cell fragment d. Has no nucleus e. Smallest of the formed elements f. Function g. Help in coagulation (blood clotting)

III. A sample of Centrifuged Blood Formed Elements Approx. 45% Approx. 55%

IV. Blood Types A. Determined by blood antigens called agglutinogens 1. The antigens are protein markers or bumps on the surface of the RBC 2. There are three main antigens a. A b. B c. Rh factor (Rhesus factor) which determines positive/negative

Antigens and Antibodies

IV. Blood Types B. Distribution in Quebec

Blood Typing 1. Place 2 drops of Sample 1 on each spot of the spot plate. 2. Add 2 drops antibody A to spot A, 2 drops of antiB to spot B and 2 drops of anti Rh to spot Rh. 3. When clumping happens, the RBC has the specific antigen. 4. Record your results.

Test Results

V. Blood Transfusions A. Def: The injection of blood into a person 1. Recipient -> RECEIVES (gets) blood 2. Donor -> DONATES (gives) blood B. The recipient can not receive blood with antigens that are not already present on his/her own blood. A. Blood will agglutinate (coagulate/clump) if it is mixed with blood having foreign antigens I CANNOT RECEIVE WHAT I DO NOT HAVE!!!!

V. Blood Transfusions D. Universal Donor 1. Is blood type O- 2. Can give to every blood type since it has no antigens on it E. Universal Recipient 1. Is blood type AB+ 2. Can get all blood types since it has all the antigens on it

V. Blood Transfusions D. Blood Compatibility Chart Donor Blood Type O-O+A-A+B-B+AB-AB+ Re cip ie nt Bl oo d Ty pe AB+ ✓✓✓✓✓✓✓✓ AB- ✓✓✓✓ B+ ✓✓✓✓ B- ✓✓ A+ ✓✓✓✓ A- ✓✓ O+ ✓✓ O- ✓

Transfusions O A B AB _ + Rh

V. Blood Transfusions D. Blood Transfusion – Online Game

VI. Blood disorders A. Anaemia 1. Not enough healthy RBC 2. Low oxygen levels

VI. Blood disorders B. Sickle Cell Anaemia 1. Genetic disorder of RBC 2. Cells form a sickle (crescent) instead of a biconcave disk 3. Low oxygen transport 4. Forms clots and blocks capillaries

VI. Blood disorders C. Haemophilia 1. Blood clotting disorder 2. Inherited disease – linked to X chromosome

VI. Blood disorders D. Leukaemia 1. Cancer of WBC

VI. Blood disorders D. Leukaemia

V. Lymphatic System VideoVideo: Lymphatic system.mov VideoVideo: Lymph nodes animation

Circulatory vs Lymphatic Systems TopicCirculatory System Lymphatic System What is the function of the system ? Moves wastes Collects and distributes oxygen, nutrients and hormones. Regulates temperature. Collects and transports waste products generated by the tissues into the circulatory system.

Circulatory vs Lymphatic Systems TopicCirculatory System Lymphatic System How does the fluid flow around the system? Flows in a closed continuous loop through arteries, capillaries & veins. Blood is pumped by the heart. Muscles in veins assist in movement. Valves prevent backflow in veins Flows in an open circuit from tissues into lymphatic vessels to be deposited into vena cava. Lymph is not pumped. Deep breathing and muscles aid movement. Valves prevent backflow in larger lymphatic vessels.

Circulatory vs Lymphatic Systems TopicCirculatory System Lymphatic System What is the fluid made of? Plasma White blood cells Red blood cells Platelets Nutrients Hormones Some wastes Oxygen Lymph White blood cells Many wastes Carbon dioxide

Circulatory vs Lymphatic Systems TopicCirculatory System Lymphatic System How is the fluid filtered? Blood is filtered by the excretory system. Nephrons in the kidneys remove wastes and excess water as urine. Carbon dioxide is removed in the lungs. Lymph nodes remove some fluid and debris. White blood cells clustered in these nodes also kill pathogens and some cancer cells.