Community Interactions BioH – Chapter 40
Basic Ecology Terminology Habitat Community Niche Interactions The physical, chemical and biotic features of where an organism is typically found All species within a habitat that interact with each other – influenced by: Abiotic conditions Resource availability Adaptive traits of organisms Species to species interaction Population size The sum of all activities & relationships an organism engages in as it interact in the community.(The “role” that an organism plays) Relationships between communities within habitat Symbiotic - “living together” Harmful relationships
Community Interactions Complete the Community Interactions Video Questionnaire!
Community Interactions Description Organism A Organism B Example Predation + Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism Most species have a neutral role with other species. See text for many examples of all interations. Most relationships are NEUTRAL (no effect on either species)
Just an example of symbiosis/mutualism
An example of symbiosis/mutualism
An example of symbiosis/mutualism
An example of symbiosis/mutualism
An example of symbiosis/mutualism?
An example of symbiosis/mutualism
Community Interaction Mechanisms Defense Mechanisms Camouflage Warning coloration Mimicry Moment-of-truth defenses
Ecological Succession Primary succession means that there is no soil to begin with. Secondary succession means that an existing ecosystem has been damaged by and is “rebuilding” Primary succession = succession where no soil exists Pioneer species = the first living organisms to populate an area Secondary succession = succession to existing ecosystem after natural disaster
Mt. St. Helens Before eruption – May 17, 1980 After eruption – May 18, 1980 Today
Other succession examples Tuolumne Meadows - Yosemite
Climax Communities Land Biomes Climax communities = “end result” of succession. If tis remains somewhat stable, then = Biomes = land communities that are found in large areas where climate, soil, plants & animals remain somewhat stable. Biomes each have their own unique microclimates and plant & animal populations. Land Biomes Complete the Climax Communities Video Worksheet
Climate Diagrams Climate diagrams show the rainfall and temperature changes during the year for a specific microclimate area. These can be used to compare different biomes around the world to help understand WHY certain organisms are found in certain areas.
World-wide land biome climate maps
Other Biomes Aquatic Biomes Mountain ranges Polar ice caps (Greenland) Aquatic Biomes Freshwater Ecosystems Flowing water Standing water Freshwater wetland Estuary Marine ecosystems Photic Aphotic Intertidal Coastal Open ocean Just know that there are many ecosystems that have been identified on the planet
Primary Productivity A measure of energy produced per area Primary productivity can also be a measure of the MASS of organic material produced per year in an area.
Comparison of biomes. Just for interest – do not memorize