AP Biology Find a new group  Add a title page called EVOLUTION to your notebook  Annotate article  Get ready for entrance quiz

AP Biology Finish graphing and writing  Environment  Predator  Variation  Competition  Adaptation  Offspring  DNA  Population  Traits  Survival  Disturbance

AP Biology Test Results

AP Biology

Chapter 22~  Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

AP Biology Evolution  Evolution: the change over time of the genetic composition of populations  Natural selection: populations of organisms can change over the generations if individuals having certain heritable traits leave more offspring than others (differential reproductive success)  Evolutionary adaptations: a prevalence of inherited characteristics that enhance organisms’ survival and reproduction November 24, 1859

AP Biology Life’s Natural History is a record of Successions & Extinctions Quaternary Tertiary Cretaceous Jurassic Triassic Permian Carboniferous Devonian Silurian Ordovician Cambrian Ediacaran Precambrian, Proterozoic, & Archarozoic Anaerobic Bacteria Insects Reptiles Dinosaurs Mammals Birds Land Plants Seed Plants Plants Arthropods Chordates Jawless Fish Teleost Fish Amphibians Photosynthetic Bacteria Green Algae Multicellular Animals Molluscs Flowering mya

AP Biology Evolutionary history  Linnaeus: taxonomy  Hutton: gradualism  Lamarck: evolution  Malthus: populations  Cuvier: paleontology  Lyell: uniformitarianism  Darwin: evolution  Mendel: inheritance  Wallace: evolution

AP Biology Charles Darwin   British naturalist  Proposed the idea of evolution by natural selection  Collected clear evidence to support his ideas

AP Biology Voyage of the HMS Beagle  Invited to travel around the world  (22 years old!)  makes many observations of nature  main mission of the Beagle was to chart South American coastline Stopped in Galapagos Islands 500 miles off coast of Ecuador

AP Biology Finch?Sparrow? Woodpecker? Warbler? Darwin found… birds Finch?Sparrow? Woodpecker? Warbler? Collected many different birds on the Galapagos Islands. Thought he found very different kinds…

AP Biology Darwin was amazed to find out: All 14 species of birds were finches… Finch?Sparrow? Woodpecker? Warbler? Finch?Sparrow? Woodpecker? Warbler? But Darwin found… a lot of finches Large Ground Finch Small Ground Finch Warbler FinchVeg. Tree Finch But there is only one species of finch on the mainland! How did one species of finches become so many different species now?

AP Biology Warbler finch Woodpecker finch Small insectivorous tree finch Large insectivorous tree finch Vegetarian tree finch Cactus finch Sharp-beaked finch Small ground finch Medium ground finch Large ground finch Insect eaters Bud eater Seed eaters Cactus eater Warbler finch Tree finches Ground finches Darwin’s finches  Differences in beaks  associated with eating different foods  survival & reproduction of beneficial adaptations to foods available on islands

AP Biology Darwin’s finches  Darwin’s conclusions  small populations of original South American finches landed on islands  variation in beaks enabled individuals to gather food successfully in the different environments  over many generations, the populations of finches changed anatomically & behaviorally  accumulation of advantageous traits in population  emergence of different species

AP Biology Seeing this gradation & diversity of structure in one small, intimately related group of birds, one might really fancy that from an original paucity of birds in this archipelago, one species has been taken & modified for different ends.

AP Biology  Differences in beaks allowed some finches to…  successfully compete  successfully feed  successfully reproduce  pass successful traits onto their offspring Darwin’s finches

AP Biology Correlation of species to food source Whoa, Turtles, too! More observations…

AP Biology Essence of Darwin’s ideas  Natural selection  variation exists in populations  over-production of offspring  more offspring than the environment can support  competition  for food, mates, nesting sites, escape predators  differential survival  successful traits = adaptations  differential reproduction  adaptations become more common in population

AP Biology Dispatch  What is your plan to bring up your grade in this class?  Make a pile of lab books. PUT A POST IT WHERE I AM CORRECTING  Take out ECOLOGY TEST and look at what you missed

AP Biology  1. C  2. D  3. B  4. B  5. A  6. C  7. A  8. B or E  9. D  10. B  11. A  12. E  13. A  14. A  15. C  16. C  17. E  18. B  19. A  20. A  21. E  22. D  23. D  24. B  25. C 26. D 27. C 28. C 29. E 30. B 31. D 32. C 33. C 34. C 35. B 36. E 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. D 41. C 42. C 43. D or C 44. E 45. E

AP Biology 4 stations  Fossils  DNA  Embryos  Homologous Structures