Chapter 7 “Ionic and Metallic Bonding”. Section 7.2 Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds l OBJECTIVES: –Explain the electrical charge of an ionic compound.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 7 “Ionic and Metallic Bonding”

Section 7.2 Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds l OBJECTIVES: –Explain the electrical charge of an ionic compound.

Section 7.2 Ionic Bonds and Ionic Compounds l OBJECTIVES: –Describe three properties of ionic compounds.

Ionic Bonding l Anions and cations are held together by opposite charges (+ and -) l Ionic compounds are called salts. l Simplest ratio of elements in an ionic compound is called the formula unit. l The bond is formed through the transfer of electrons (lose and gain) l Electrons are transferred to achieve noble gas configuration.

Ionic Compounds 1)Also called SALTS 2)Made from: a CATION with an ANION (or literally from a metal combining with a nonmetal)

Ionic Bonding NaCl The metal (sodium) tends to lose its one electron from the outer level. The nonmetal (chlorine) needs to gain one more to fill its outer level, and will accept the one electron that sodium is going to lose.

Ionic Bonding Na + Cl - Note: Remember that NO DOTS are now shown for the cation!

Ionic Bonding

l All the electrons must be accounted for, and each atom will have a noble gas configuration (which is stable). CaP Lets do an example by combining calcium and phosphorus:

Ionic Bonding CaP

Ionic Bonding Ca 2+ P

Ionic Bonding Ca 2+ P Ca

Ionic Bonding Ca 2+ P 3- Ca

Ionic Bonding Ca 2+ P 3- Ca P

Ionic Bonding Ca 2+ P 3- Ca 2+ P

Ionic Bonding Ca 2+ P 3- Ca 2+ P Ca

Ionic Bonding Ca 2+ P 3- Ca 2+ P Ca

Ionic Bonding Ca 2+ P 3- Ca 2+ P 3- Ca 2+

Ionic Bonding = Ca 3 P 2 Formula Unit This is a chemical formula, which shows the kinds and numbers of atoms in the smallest representative particle of the substance. For an ionic compound, the smallest representative particle is called a: Formula Unit

Properties of Ionic Compounds 1.Crystalline solids - a regular repeating arrangement of ions in the solid: Fig. 7.9, page 197 –Ions are strongly bonded together. –Structure is rigid. 2.High melting points

Do they Conduct? l Conducting electricity means allowing charges to move. l In a solid, the ions are locked in place. l Ionic solids are insulators. l When melted, the ions can move around. 3.Melted ionic compounds conduct. –NaCl: must get to about 800 ºC. –Dissolved in water, they also conduct (free to move in aqueous solutions)

- Page 198 The ions are free to move when they are molten (or in aqueous solution), and thus they are able to conduct the electric current.

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