Chapter 19 Review Social Studies

Consolidation The practice of combining separate companies into one.

Sweatshop A shop or factory where workers work long hours at low wages under unhealthy conditions

Philanthropy Charitable acts or gifts of money to benefit the community

Assembly Line A production system with machines and workers arranged so that each person performs an assigned task again and again as the item passes before him or her

What industry helped the U.S. economy grow in the late 1800’s? The Railroad industry

Inventions/Inventors Pullman Sleeping Car –George Pullman Lightbulb, Phonograph, Motion Picture Projector –Thomas Edison Shoe-making machine –Jan. E. Matzeliger Typewriter –Christopher Sholes

Inventions/Inventors Vacuum Cleaner –John Thurman Kodak Camera –George Eastman Model T Car and Assembly Line –Henry Ford Improved Lightbulb –Lewis H. Latimer

Inventions/Inventors Telephone –Alexander Graham Bell Air Brakes –George Westinghouse Over 35 different inventions –Granville Woods Railroad Refrigerator Cars –Gustavus Swift

Railroad Baron What is a railroad baron? –Powerful man that controlled the railroad industry. Three railroad barons from the late 1800’s: –Cornelius Vanderbilt –James J. Hill –Collis Huntington

American Federation of Labor What was the American Federation of Labor? –A group of national trade unions that represented workers from many different crafts. When was it formed? –It was formed in Who led the American Federation of Labor? –Samuel Gompers

John D. Rockefeller What was the name of the business that John D. Rockefeller organized in 1870? –Standard Oil Two ways that Rockefeller used his money to benefit the community: –Created University of Chicago –Created New York’s Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research

Andrew Carnegie What industry was Andrew Carnegie involved in? –Steel Industry Three ways Carnegie used his money to benefit the community: –Built Carnegie Hall –Built more than 2,000 libraries –The Carnegie Foundation

Child Labor Laws Children must be 12 years old to work Children may not work more than 10 hours a day Child Labor Laws do NOT apply to agriculture (farming).

Haymarket Riot What were the workers protesting? –The killings of four strikers the previous day. Where did the Haymarket Riot occur? –Chicago

What strike was ended by an injunction? The Pullman Strike

Mother Jones Who was known as Mother Jones? –Mary Harris Jones Why is she important to U.S. history? –She fought for workers’ rights

Lewis Hine Who is Lewis Hine? –A photographer What was his goal? –He wanted Americans to know about the working conditions that children were facing.