Organization Culture

2 Schein’s (1996) definition Organizational culture is “the set of shared, taken-for-granted, implicit assumptions that a group holds and that determines how it perceives, thinks about and reacts to its various environments.” It’s shared – Property of the work unit (group, team or even organization as a whole.

version encompasses a theory of function Organizational culture is the pattern of basic assumptions that a given group has invented, discovered, or developed in learning to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration, and that have worked well enough to be considered valid, and, therefore, to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems.

4 Content of Organizational Cultures Artifacts Shared beliefs & values Basic assumptions

5 Storyboard for CMU’s culture Make a storyboard for a three minute video that would show someone from Mars what it means to be a member of the CMU culture overall or one of its subgroups. Highlight the strengths of the culture and one flaw.

6 Where do the Amazon & Zappos cultures fit into this taxonomy? AmazonZappos

7 Amazon 14 Leadership Principles Customer Obsession Ownership Invent and Simplify Hire and Develop The Best Insist on the Highest Standards Think Big Dive Deep Frugality Learn and Be Curious Earn Trust Have Backbone; Disagree and Commit Bias for Action Are Right, A Lot Deliver Results

8 Holocracy at Zappos 2015 buy-in or get out challenge: 14% of employees left with 3 month severance

9 Values around external challenges

10 Values around internal integration

11 Taxonomy of Organizational Cultures: Competing Values Framework From Figure 3 in Cameron, K. S., Quinn, R. E., DeGraff, J., & Thakor, A. V. (2014). Competing values leadership: Edward Elgar Publishing.

12 Key assumptions Table 13-1 in Quinn, R. E., & Kimberly, J. R. (1984). Paradox, planning, and perseverance: Guidelines for managerial practice. Managing organizational transitions (pp ).

13 Some measurement instruments Clan Culture

14 Some measurement instruments Adhocracy Culture

15 Some measurement instruments Market Culture

16 Some measurement instruments Hierarchical Culture

Hartnell, C. A., Ou, A. Y., & Kinicki, A. (2011). Organizational culture and organizational effectiveness: a meta-analytic investigation of the competing values framework's theoretical suppositions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(4), 677. How are these different organizational success

18 Meta-analysis: Organizational culture & employee attitudes

19 Meta-analysis: Organizational culture & employee attitudes

20 Meta-analysis: Organizational culture & employee attitudes

21 Meta-analysis: Organizational culture & financial effectiveness