Deviance and Social Control

Social Control █ Social control: Techniques and strategies employed for preventing deviant human behavior in any society Module 23

Social Control █ Sanctions: penalties and rewards for conduct concerning a social norm Module 23

Conformity and Obedience █ Conformity: Going along with peers who have no special right to direct behavior █ Obedience: Compliance with higher authorities in an hierarchical structure Module 23

Informal and Formal Social Control █ Informal social control: Used casually to enforce norms █ Formal social control: Carried out by authorized agents Module 23

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Law and Society █ Some norms are so important to a society that they are formalized into laws Module 23

What is Deviance? █ Deviance: Behavior that violates the standards of conduct or expectations of a group or society Module 24

Functionalist Perspective █ Durkheim’s Legacy –Punishments established within a culture help define acceptable behavior and contribute to stability Module 24

Functionalist Perspective █ Merton’s Theory of Deviance Conformist Innovator Ritualist Retreatist Rebel –Anomie Theory of Deviance: How people adapt in certain ways by conforming to or by deviating from cultural expectations Module 24

Interactionist Perspective █ Cultural Transmission Theory –Cultural transmission: Humans learn how to behave in social situations, whether properly or improperly Module 24

Interactionist Perspective █ Social Disorganization Theory: Increases in crime and deviance attributed to absence or breakdown of communal relationships and social institutions Module 24

Interactionist Perspective █ Labeling Theory: Attempts to explain why some people are viewed as deviants while others are not; also known as societal-reaction approach Module 24

Conflict Theory █ People with power protect their own interests and define deviance to suit their needs Module 24

Crime █ Crime: Violation of criminal law for which some governmental authority applies formal penalties █ Index crimes –Murder –Rape –Robbery –Assault –Burglary –Theft –Motor vehicle theft –Arson Module 25

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Types of Crime █ Sociologists classify crimes in terms of how they are committed and how society views the offenses –Victimless crimes –Professional crime –Organized crime –White-collar and technology-based crime –Transnational crime Module 25

Types of Crime █ Victimless crimes: Willing exchange among adults of widely desired, but illegal, goods and services █ Professional crime: Many people make a career of illegal activities –Professional criminal: Person who pursues crime as a day-to-day occupation Module 25

Types of Crime █ Organized crime: Group that regulates relations between various criminal enterprises involved in illegal activities –Dominates world of illegal business just as large corporations dominate conventional businesses –Serves as means of upward mobility for groups of people struggling to escape poverty Module 25

Types of Crime █ White Collar and Technology-Based Crime –White Collar crime: Illegal acts committed in the course of business activities –Computer crime: Use of high technology to carry out embezzlement or electronic fraud –Corporate crime: Any act by a corporation that is punishable by the government Module 25

Types of Crime █ Transnational Crime –Crime that occurs across multiple national borders International crime spans the globe Module 25

Table 25-1: Types of Transnational Crime Module 25

SOURCE: %20Philippines%20Monthly%20Crime%20Report%20-%20October% pdf

Modus Operandi in Manila Sneaky Office Intruders Scene of the crime: Thieves go to offices with no or little security measures, especially during breaks or when there is nobody in the office. Plan of attack: They pretend as friends of employees, visitors, or messengers. areas-in-the-philippines&catid=55:crime-prevention-tips&Itemid=82

ATM (Automated Teller Machine) Scams Scene of the crime: They stay near ATM and they do different things just to earn money as quick as they can. Plan of attack: They use different technologies to be able to access somebody else’s ATM account.

The Zesto Gang Scene of the crime: They perform their operations inside a bus. They use distraction, confusion and intimidation to be able to get what they want from the passengers. Plan of attack: They pretend to be conductors of the buses. However they also confuse the passengers by also pretending to be selling juice packs.

Airport Ambush Scene of the crime: Thieves target arriving airport passengers. They will chase and stop you along the way. Plan of attack: Their target is actually your car and they operate at dawn.

Test Drive Threat Scene of the crime: They will pretend as car buyers and they will test drive the cars and steal them at gunpoint. Plan of attack: Fake buyers will ask for a test drive. With you around, they will drive the car to secluded spaces and will ask you to go out by force and threat.

Backstage Burglars Scene of the crime: They target shows and concerts. They usually stay backstage or inside the dressing rooms. Because people are busy, nobody will be able to notice criminal behavior backstage. Plan of attack: Thieves pretend as aide or utility personnel. They take whatever they see or want and unnoticeably shun away from the area.

Salisi Gang Scene of the crime: They thrive everywhere especially in crowded areas like malls, restaurants, fast food chains, bars, etc. They wait until their target gets distracted. Plan of attack: They dress formally and they divert the attention of their victims until they get distracted and move for the kill.

Dugo-Dugo Gang Scene of the crime: They usually target rich families. Plan of attack: They target households and they intrude especially when the only one around is the house help.

Budol-Budol Gang Scene of the crime: They use hypnosis and fake money. Plan of attack: They use fake money to be able to gain the resources they want to have (e.g., changing fake money to real ones).

Philippine Laws Criminal Law Civil Law

Criminal-violation of the penal statutes (e.g., rape, theft, arson, murder, robbery, swindling, rebellion, illegal possession of firearms and drugs, issuing bouncing cheque, etc.) Civil- personal dealings which result into damages or failure to adhere to obligations and contracts. For example, non payment of rents, failure to deliver goods and services, etc.

Laws Revised Penal Code of the Philippines Civil Code of the Philippines

Example of Criminal Case PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, PLAINTIFF-APPELLEE, VS. GERON DE LOS SANTOS Y MARISTELA, ACCUSED-APPELLANT januarydecisions.php?id= januarydecisions.php?id=13

Example of Civil Case r2010/gr_161838_2010.html r2010/gr_161838_2010.html

We use the court to decide whether an individual is found guilty or not of a crime punishable by law. Insert video (Boston Legal)

Assignment Cut two news articles from the newspaper (any newspaper, any date of issue) that you think talk about or are related to deviancy and crime. Search and print related Philippine laws that would address/solve/punish the crime or deviant behavior described in the two news articles (Chan-Robles Virtual Law Office) Bring these materials on Thursday.