CHAPTER 2

2.1: FOUNDATIONS OF OUR GOVERNMENT 1.MAGNA CARTA (1215) – Proved that a monarch’s power had limits. Until this, it was believed that a monarch received their power from God, therefore their power was infinite. – Long story short, King John had made the nobility angry. The nobles drew up this document and forced the king to sign it.

2.1: FOUNDATIONS OF OUR GOVERNMENT 2. PARLIAMENT – Law-making group for Great Britain. – Bicameral (two-house) group. House of Lords and House of Commons. – Used as a model when creating our legislative branch: CONGRESS.

2.1: FOUNDATIONS OF OUR GOVERNMENT 3. GLORIOUS REVOLUTIUON – This event made Parliament more powerful than the King. – Parliament passed the English Bill of Rights afterwards, which gave BRITISH citizens certain rights.

2.1: FOUNDATIONS OF OUR GOVERNMENT 4. COMMON LAW – System of law based on tradition and customs. – It mostly involves using previous court decisions to arrive at decisions in current cases.

2.1: FOUNDATIONS OF OUR GOVERNMENT 5. JOHN LOCKE – Had two important theories: – NATURAL RIGHTS: everyone is born with “inalienable” rights. – SOCIAL CONTRACT: if a government fails to meet the needs of its people, then the people have the right to rebel and create a new government.

2.1: FOUNDATIONS OF OUR GOVERNMENT 6. BARON DE’ MONTESQUIEU – Developed the idea that power should be divided up in government.

2.1: FOUNDATIONS OF OUR GOVERNMENT 7. ALBANY PLAN OF UNION – Was a plan that proposed a government that would oversee/make plans for all of the North American colonies. – Proposed by Ben Franklin. – Franklin was inspired by and borrowed this idea from the Iroquois Tribe.

2.2: EARLY COLONIAL DEVELOPMENTS 8. JAMESTOWN: first official British colony – First colony to make use of REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY. (House of Burgesses) 9. PLYMOUTH: Massachusetts colony, colonized by Pilgrims. – First colony to make use of DIRECT DEMOCRACY. (Mayflower Compact)

2.2: EARLY COLONIAL DEVELOPMENTS 10. NORTH – Economy revolved around commerce and shipbuilding – Life revolved around the city 11. SOUTH – Economy revolved around agriculture, due to the climate. – Life revolved around the plantation, very few towns. Most people never left the plantation.

2.2: EARLY COLONIAL DEVELOPMENTS 12. REGIONS OF THE COLONIES – NEW ENGLAND: MA, RI, CT, NH – MIDDLE: NY, NJ, PA, DE – SOUTHERN: NC, VA, MD, GA, SC – Making ratchet crunchy noodles – Not needing pink dye – Need very much grape soda

2.2: EARLY COLONIAL DEVELOPMENTS 13. REASONS PEOPLE CAME TO THE COLONIES – Religious Freedom – Economic Opportunity 14. GREAT AWAKENING – Religious movement. – Spread idea of egalitarianism – Introduced African-Americans to Christianity

2.2: EARLY COLONIAL DEVELOPMENTS 15. SALUTARY NEGLECT – This is the “relationship” the colonies and Great Britain shared initially. – GB for the most part, ignored the colonies. – Since GB was not active in colonial affairs, the colonies got to govern themselves. – (not in notes: this was the long-term cause to the colonies declaring independence from GB!!!)

2.1/2.2 REVIEW 1.What were the two major theories John Locke developed? 2.What were the major differences between the northern and southern colonies? 3.Why was the Magna Carta significant? 4.Where did the idea of the Albany Plan of Union come from? 5.What were the two reasons people came to the colonies? 6.Which colonies were the first to use; a) Representative Democracy, and b) Direct Democracy

2.3: SALUTARY NEGLECT… TO WAR 16. END OF SALUTARY NEGELECT – Happened due to two reasons – MERCANTILISM: BULLION (wealth) = power, economic theory. Great Britain decided to start using the colonies as a means of accumulating wealth. – FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR: long story short, colonists start war > can’t handle it, ask for help > GB comes to save them > GB wins war, despite the colonists… GB went into deep debt due to this war… felt the colonies should help pay the debt

2.3: SALUTARY NEGLECT… TO WAR 17. Great Britain decided to best way to get the colonists to pay their share of the debt would be to TAX them. – These were called “ACTS” by Parliament. a)STAMP ACT b)DECLARATORY ACT c)TOWNSHEND ACTS d)TEA ACT e)COERCIVE/INTOLERABLE ACTS

STAMP ACT

SONS OF LIBERTY JAMES OTIS

BOSTON TEA PARTY

QUARTERING ACT (Part of Coercive Acts) Can I help you? Yes, get out of my new home.

18. BOSTON MASSACRE

2.3: SALUTARY NEGLECT… TO WAR 19. CONTINENTAL CONGRESS(es) – There were TWO – FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS: tried to appeal to the King to end the treatment of colonists brought by the Coercive/Intolerable Acts. Also decided to continue the boycotts on British goods. – SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS: DECLARED INDEPENDENCE FROM GREAT BRITIAN.

2.3: SALUTARY NEGLECT… TO WAR 20. THOMAS PAINE – Common Sense – Wrote pamphlet that encouraged the colonists to support the revolution against Great Britain.

AMERICAN REVOLUTION Colonists won. The end.

2.3/2.4 REVIEW 1.What were the two reasons the relationship between the colonies and Great Britain fell apart? 2.Why were the colonists opposed to paying the British taxes? 3.Why did the British Parliament feel the colonists should pay taxes? 4.When did the colonies decide to declare their independence from Great Britain? 5.Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? Who inspired him?