-Heart -Blood -Blood Vessels -Circulation THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Whaaaaat??

WHAT IS THE STRONGEST MUSCLE IN THE HUMAN BODY?

The Heart?

To pump oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Our cells must have oxygen and the blood provides the oxygen. The heart is the muscle that pumps the blood to the cells. WHAT IS THE MAJOR FUNCTION OF THE HUMAN HEART?

Atrium: Upper two chambers Ventricles: The lower two chambers Which side of your heart is the right side and which is the left side? Draw a square that is split in to quarters, label all 4 chambers: Right Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Atrium and Left Ventricle CHAMBERS OF THE HEART

A tissue that prevents the back flow of blood into the heart ▪ They open and close to let the blood flow in only one direction. ▪ **** Think of them like a traffic cop…. Valves

55% of our blood is plasma and 90% of that plasma is water The 45% of blood remaining consists of 3 things: ▪ White Blood Cells ▪ Red Blood Cells ▪ Platelets WHAT IS IN OUR BLOOD?

90% of plasma is made of water The remaining 10% is minerals, nutrients, sugars, proteins and other substances. The major function of plasma is to transport the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets throughout the body. PLASMA (IN BLOOD)

White Blood Cells or WBC’s are also part of the immune system They help you stay healthy by destroying bacteria, viruses and other foreign particles that enter your body. WHITE BLOOD CELLS (IN BLOOD)

Red Blood Cells or RBC’s are the most abundant cells in the blood. RBC’s transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body. RBC’s contain a protein called hemoglobin and this is what the oxygen and carbon dioxide attach to. RED BLOOD CELLS (IN BLOOD)

Platelets are small parts of bone marrow cells. They clump together in damaged areas of your body, like when you get a paper cut. The clumping forms blood clots and stops you from bleeding. PLATELETS (IN BLOOD)

3 types of blood vessels: Veins, Arteries, Capillaries Arteries: Blood vessels that carry blood AWAY from the heart. (“Away”) Veins: The vessels that return blood to the heart. (Towards you) Capillaries: Microscopic blood vessels of the body that link arteries and veins. ▪ Capillaries are where most materials such as oxygen carbon dioxide, nutrients and waste products enter and leave the bloodstream. BLOOD VESSELS

Full Human Body Blood Vessels Including Capillaries

What are some potential reasons for having narrowing arteries? What are some potential reasons for having normal/healthy arteries? Healthy vs. Unhealthy Arteries

BLOOD VESSELS

▪ Pulmonary Circulation is the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and from the lungs back to the heart. ▪ Oxygen poor blood is pumped out of the right ventricle (heart) to the lungs through two pulmonary arteries. These arteries spread into capillaries that surround the lungs. The capillaries (blood) receives oxygen from the lungs and the lungs release the carbon dioxide. ▪ After the exchange of carbon dioxide for oxygen in the lungs, the oxygen rich blood travels through the 4 pulmonary veins in to the left atrium of the heart. ****** Take out a piece of paper and draw a stickman, a heart, and a lung. PULMONARY CIRCULATION

EXCHANGE OF OXYGEN FOR CARBON DIOXIDE

Systemic Circulation is the flow of blood from the heart to the rest of the body and back to the heart. ▪ The heart pumps oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart into the aorta, which is a major artery. From the aorta, blood flows into the arteries and then into the capillaries of the body. ▪ In the capillaries another exchange takes place but this time the blood gives the oxygen to the cells of the body and the cells give the blood carbon dioxide to be carried away. ▪ Oxygen poor blood travels through veins back to the heart and is delivered into the right atrium of the heart by two large veins called vena cavas. SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

PULMONARY AND SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

Blood flows to the heart through the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava, into the RIGHT ATRIUM, then drops into the RIGHT VENTRICLE. Blood is then pumped to the lungs through the PULMONARY ARTERY. From the lungs, the blood returns to the heart throughthe PULMONARY VEIN. Blood flows into the LEFT ATRIUM, then drops down to the LEFT VENTRICLE. From the left ventricle the blood is pumped to the body through the AORTA. Flow of Blood Through the Heart

3-D Heart Video (2:56)

Hypertension: Abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries which may increase the chance of a stroke or a heart attack ▪ Due to atherosclerosis: plaque in the blood vessels ▪ May be treated and prevented by losing weight; a healthy diet; not smoking; taking medication Heart Attack/Stroke: The blood supply to the heart for a heart attack or the blood supply to the brain for a stroke is reduced or stopped ▪ This is a medical emergency; must be treated by a professional WHAT CAN GO WRONG WITH THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?

Talk to your elbow partner about the circulatory system Define any questions you may have about what was covered today Tell a story of someone you know who has a problem with his/her circulatory system What are things you can do now to prevent hypertension and/or a heart attack/stroke in the future? ?? QUESTIONS ??

Groups of 6 people 2 buckets (1 with water, 1 not) at each group 1 sponge at each group Goal: To try and get all the water from one bucket to the other in 60 seconds. Good luck! Heart Lab