Early American Literature to American Puritanism

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Presentation transcript:

Early American Literature to 1700 - American Puritanism

The Plymouth Colony Flagship Mayflower arrives - 1620 Leader - William Bradford Settlers known as Pilgrim Fathers The Mayflower Compact provides for social, religious, and economic freedom, while still maintaining ties to Great Britain. The Separatists - Pilgrims

I. Basic Puritan Beliefs 1. Total Depravity - through Adam and Eve's fall, every person is born sinful - concept of Original Sin. 2. Unconditional Election - God "saves" those he wishes - only a few are selected for salvation  elitism + concept of predestination. 3. Limited Atonement - Jesus died for the chosen only, not for everyone.  elitism 4. Irresistible Grace - God's grace is freely given, it cannot be earned or denied. Grace is defined as the saving and transfiguring power of God.  born again. 5. Perseverance of the "saints" - those elected by God have full power to interpret the will of God, and to live uprightly. If anyone rejects grace after feeling its power in his life, he will be going against the will of God - something impossible in Puritanism.

II. The Function of Puritan Writers 1. To transform a mysterious God - mysterious because he is separate from the world. 2. To make him more relevant to the universe. 3. To glorify God.

The Style of Puritan Writing 1. Protestant - against ornateness; reverence for the Bible. 2. Purposiveness - there was a purpose to Puritan writing ==didactic 3. Puritan writing reflected the character and scope of the reading public, which was literate and well-grounded in religion.

V. Forces Undermining Puritanism 1. A person's natural desire to do good works against the idea of predestination. 2. Dislike of a "closed" life. 3. Resentment of the power of the few over many. 4. Change in economic conditions - growth of fishery, farms, etc. 5. Presence of the leaders of dissent - Anne Hutchinson, Roger Williams. 6. The presence of the frontier - concept of self-reliance, individualism, and optimism. 7. Change in political conditions - Massachusetts became a Crown colony. 8. Theocracy suffered from a lack of flexibility. 9. Growth of rationality - use of the mind to know God - less dependence on the Bible. 10. Cosmopolitanism of the new immigrants.

VI. Some Aspects of the Puritan Legacy: each has positive and negative implications. a. The need for moral justification for private, public, and governmental acts. b. The Questing for Freedom - personal, political, economic, and social. c. The Puritan work ethic. d. Elegiac verse - morbid fascination with death. e. The city upon the hill - concept of manifest destiny.