Cells, Transcription and translation, Mitosis. The organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes, it modifies sorts and packages molecules the cell makes.

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Presentation transcript:

Cells, Transcription and translation, Mitosis

The organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes, it modifies sorts and packages molecules the cell makes for export Golgi Body (apparatus)

Storage place for food, wastes, enzymes Vacuole

Contains genetic information and controls the cell’s activity Nucleus

Membrane system which modifies and transports molecules made on its attached ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Phospholipid and protein bilayer that surrounds all cells and controls which molecules enter or leave the cell Cell membrane

Sac of digestive enzymes that breaks down food or unwanted cell parts lysosome

Membrane that surrounds the genetic material and controls what enters and leaves the nucleus Nuclear envelope

Dark spot in the nucleus of non-dividing cell where RNA for ribosomes is made nucleolus

Network of microtubules and microfilaments that give the cell shape and support and help in movement cytoskeleton

Many short hairlike structures made of microtubules that are attached to the outside of cells cilia

Small structures free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER ribosomes

Gel like material which contains organelles found between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane cytoplasm

Network of membranes without attached ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Small internal structure within the cell that carries out a specific job organelle

What are the 2 classes of nucleic acids? DNA and RNA

What does DNA stand for Deoxyribonucleic acid

What does RNA stand for Ribonucleic acid

What is different between RNA and DNA? DNA uses deoxyribose in stead of Ribose DNA has Thymine instead of Uracil DNA is double Stranded instead of single stranded

What type of bond can be found between nitrogen bases in DNA? Hydrogen bonds

What does A bind with in RNA? U

What does C bind with? G

In DNA what does T bind with? A

What are the 3 types of RNA? Messenger Transfer Ribosomal

What 3 components make up a nucleotide? Nitrogen base 5 carbon sugar phosphate

Which bases are Purines? (Double-ringed) Adenine Guanine

Which nitrogen bases are Pyrimidines? (single rings) Cytosine Thymine Uracil

Which parts of the nucleotides make up the backbone of DNA/RNA? Sugars and phosphates

Which part of the nucleotide makes up the “rungs” of the DNA ladder? Nitrogen base

Nucleic acids are built from nucleotides

What is the name of the protein that DNA wraps around? histone

What type of RNA combines with proteins to make ribosomes? ribosomal

What type of RNA matches its anticodon to the codon on the mRNA? transfer

What type of RNA carries the code from DNA to the cytoplasm? Messenger

What enzyme uses DNA as a template and makes an RNA copy of it? RNA polymerase

What tells RNA polymerase where to start? The promoter

What must happen to the mRNA before it can leave the nucleus? It must be edited

What is the part of the mRNA that is cut out? intron

What part of the mRNA is coded for? exon

An mRNA message grouped in 3’s Codon

What part of tRNA matches the codon? Anticodon

What does the mRNA attach to in the cytoplasm? Ribosome

What does the tRNA bring to the mRNA? An amino acid

Amino acids have what type of bonds between them? peptide

Another name for a protein chain Polypeptide

DNA to RNA transcription

RNA to protein translation

Where does transcription happen nucleus

Where does translation happen? cytoplasm

What are the 3 phases of interphase? G1, S, G2

Which phase in the cell cycle do cells spend the most time? interphase

Which part of interphase is DNA copied in? S

Which part of interphase makes new organelles? G1

During which part of interphase are proteins made? G2

What is the first stage of mitosis? Prophase

Which phase do chromosomes line up in the center of the cell? Metaphase

Which phase do chromosomes coil, astrid rays appear and the nuclear envelope disappear? Prophase

Which phase do the chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell? Anaphase

Which part of the cell cycle divides the cytoplasm? cytokinesis

Which phase do chromosomes unwind and the nuclear membrane reforms? Telophase

Be able to identify the parts of the cell Be able to identify the stages of mitosis