Cells, Transcription and translation, Mitosis
The organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes, it modifies sorts and packages molecules the cell makes for export Golgi Body (apparatus)
Storage place for food, wastes, enzymes Vacuole
Contains genetic information and controls the cell’s activity Nucleus
Membrane system which modifies and transports molecules made on its attached ribosomes Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Phospholipid and protein bilayer that surrounds all cells and controls which molecules enter or leave the cell Cell membrane
Sac of digestive enzymes that breaks down food or unwanted cell parts lysosome
Membrane that surrounds the genetic material and controls what enters and leaves the nucleus Nuclear envelope
Dark spot in the nucleus of non-dividing cell where RNA for ribosomes is made nucleolus
Network of microtubules and microfilaments that give the cell shape and support and help in movement cytoskeleton
Many short hairlike structures made of microtubules that are attached to the outside of cells cilia
Small structures free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER ribosomes
Gel like material which contains organelles found between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane cytoplasm
Network of membranes without attached ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum
Small internal structure within the cell that carries out a specific job organelle
What are the 2 classes of nucleic acids? DNA and RNA
What does DNA stand for Deoxyribonucleic acid
What does RNA stand for Ribonucleic acid
What is different between RNA and DNA? DNA uses deoxyribose in stead of Ribose DNA has Thymine instead of Uracil DNA is double Stranded instead of single stranded
What type of bond can be found between nitrogen bases in DNA? Hydrogen bonds
What does A bind with in RNA? U
What does C bind with? G
In DNA what does T bind with? A
What are the 3 types of RNA? Messenger Transfer Ribosomal
What 3 components make up a nucleotide? Nitrogen base 5 carbon sugar phosphate
Which bases are Purines? (Double-ringed) Adenine Guanine
Which nitrogen bases are Pyrimidines? (single rings) Cytosine Thymine Uracil
Which parts of the nucleotides make up the backbone of DNA/RNA? Sugars and phosphates
Which part of the nucleotide makes up the “rungs” of the DNA ladder? Nitrogen base
Nucleic acids are built from nucleotides
What is the name of the protein that DNA wraps around? histone
What type of RNA combines with proteins to make ribosomes? ribosomal
What type of RNA matches its anticodon to the codon on the mRNA? transfer
What type of RNA carries the code from DNA to the cytoplasm? Messenger
What enzyme uses DNA as a template and makes an RNA copy of it? RNA polymerase
What tells RNA polymerase where to start? The promoter
What must happen to the mRNA before it can leave the nucleus? It must be edited
What is the part of the mRNA that is cut out? intron
What part of the mRNA is coded for? exon
An mRNA message grouped in 3’s Codon
What part of tRNA matches the codon? Anticodon
What does the mRNA attach to in the cytoplasm? Ribosome
What does the tRNA bring to the mRNA? An amino acid
Amino acids have what type of bonds between them? peptide
Another name for a protein chain Polypeptide
DNA to RNA transcription
RNA to protein translation
Where does transcription happen nucleus
Where does translation happen? cytoplasm
What are the 3 phases of interphase? G1, S, G2
Which phase in the cell cycle do cells spend the most time? interphase
Which part of interphase is DNA copied in? S
Which part of interphase makes new organelles? G1
During which part of interphase are proteins made? G2
What is the first stage of mitosis? Prophase
Which phase do chromosomes line up in the center of the cell? Metaphase
Which phase do chromosomes coil, astrid rays appear and the nuclear envelope disappear? Prophase
Which phase do the chromosomes separate and move to opposite sides of the cell? Anaphase
Which part of the cell cycle divides the cytoplasm? cytokinesis
Which phase do chromosomes unwind and the nuclear membrane reforms? Telophase
Be able to identify the parts of the cell Be able to identify the stages of mitosis