ELECTROWEAK UNIFICATION Ryan Clark, Cong Nguyen, Robert Kruse and Blake Watson PHYS-3313, Fall 2013 University of Texas Arlington December 2, 2013.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Garfield Graphics included with kind permission from PAWS Inc. All Rights Reserved. Exchange Particles.
Advertisements

The search for the God Particle
The Standard Model and Beyond [Secs 17.1 Dunlap].
"Now I am become Death, the destroyer of worlds." Robert Oppenheimer after the first test of the atomic bomb.
A121O Addenda to Class on Light Bob Dickman, NRAO 520 Edgemont Rd., Room 311A
ATLAS Experiment at CERN. Why Build ATLAS? Before the LHC there was LEP (large electron positron collider) the experiments at LEP had observed the W and.
Tony Liss Saturday Physics for Everyone November 9, 2013 (With debts to Chris Quigg, Leonard Susskind, Hitoshi Murayama)
Varan Satchithanandan Mentor: Dr. Richard Jones.  explains what the world is and what holds it together  consists of:  6 quarks  6 leptons  force.
Nuclear Physics Part 1: The Standard Model
The Ideas of Unified Theories of Physics Tareq Ahmed Mokhiemer PHYS441 Student.
Schlüsselexperimente der Elementarteilchenphysik:.
Modern Physics LECTURE II.
8/5/2002Ulrich Heintz - Quarknet Particle Physics what do we know? Ulrich Heintz Boston University.
Particle Physics From Strings To Stars. Introduction  What is Particle Physics?  Large Hadron Collider (LHC)  Current Experiments – ALICE – ATLAS –
Elementary particles atom Hadrons Leptons Baryons Mesons Nucleons
Fundamental Particles (The Standard Model) Nathan Brown June 2007.
Particle Physics Intro. What’s Stuff Made Of…Really? All particles can be grouped into two categories: Fermions and Bosons Things to know about Fermions:
Wednesday, Mar. 23, 2005PHYS 3446, Spring 2005 Jae Yu 1 PHYS 3446 – Lecture #14 Wednesday, Mar. 23, 2005 Dr. Jae Yu Elementary Particle Properties Forces.
Option 212: UNIT 2 Elementary Particles Department of Physics and Astronomy SCHEDULE 26-Jan pm LRB Intro lecture 28-Jan pm LRBProblem solving.
Discovery of the Higgs Boson Gavin Lawes Department of Physics and Astronomy.
TU Dresden Particles of the Standard Model Sophie Koßagk.
Particle Physics J4 Leptons and the standard model.
The Higgs Boson: without the maths and jargon David Hall Graduate Seminar Series St Catherine’s College MCR 11 th May 2011.
My Chapter 30 Lecture.
2 nd Presentation of Prof. Cho’s Class Hossain Ahmed Introduction to Standard Model.
Point 1 activities and perspectives Marzio Nessi ATLAS plenary 2 nd October 2004 Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
August 22, 2002UCI Quarknet The Higgs Particle Sarah D. Johnson University of La Verne August 22, 2002.
Electroweak Theory Mr. Gabriel Pendas Dr. Susan Blessing.
Lecture 29 Elementary Particles and Quarks
Atomic Structure Basic and Beyond. What are the 3 major parts of an atom? Protons Electrons Neutrons.
Standard Model A Brief Description by Shahnoor Habib.
Modern Physics We do not Know It All!!.
Happyphysics.com Physics Lecture Resources Prof. Mineesh Gulati Head-Physics Wing Happy Model Hr. Sec. School, Udhampur, J&K Website: happyphysics.com.
Fisica Generale - Alan Giambattista, Betty McCarty Richardson Copyright © 2008 – The McGraw-Hill Companies s.r.l. 1 Chapter 30: Particle Physics Fundamental.
IB Physics Mr. Jean April 16 th, The plan: SL Practice Exam questions HL Particle Physics –Electrons –Protons –Neutrons –Quarks –Gluons –Photos.
Aim: How can we explain the four fundamental forces and the standard model? Do Now: List all the subatomic particles that you can think of.
Particles and how they interact
© John Parkinson 1 e+e+ e-e- ANNIHILATION © John Parkinson 2 Atom 1x m n n n n Nucleus 1x m U Quarks 1x m U D ? ? ?
Radioactivity Physics 12 Adv. Radioactivity Radioactive decay is the emission of some particle from a nucleus which is accompanied by a change of state.
The Higgs Boson Observation (probably) Not just another fundamental particle… July 27, 2012Purdue QuarkNet Summer Workshop1 Matthew Jones Purdue University.
STANDARD MODEL class of “High Energy Physics Phenomenology” Mikhail Yurov Kyungpook National University November 15 th.
Phys 102 – Lecture 28 Life, the universe, and everything 1.
A photon with a wavelength of 2
Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2003PHYS 5396, Spring 2003 Jae Yu 1 PHYS 5396 – Lecture #2 Wednesday, Jan. 15, 2003 Dr. Jae Yu 1.What is a neutrino? 2.History of neutrinos.
Take out hwk & tables. Compare answers to hwk sets.
What is the Standard Model of Particle Physics ???? 1. A theory of three of the four known fundamental interactions and the elementary particles that.
Chapter 14 Section 14.1.
Water ( H 2 O ) oxygen atom ( O ) proton ( p ) electrons ( e ) neutron ( n ) 3 quarks What the matters are made out of ? 3 quarks
Unit 13: Particle Physics Four fundamental interactions in nature 1.Strong – responsible for binding neutrons and protons into nuclei 2.Electromagnetic.
Standard Model of Particle Physics
CHAPTER 14 Elementary Particles
Introduction to the Standard Model
From Before… Essay Due Today Discussed the weak interaction
Unit 7.3 Review.
The Standard Model strong nuclear force electromagnetic force
HCP: Particle Physics Module, Lecture 3
From Last Time… Discussed the weak interaction
Particle Physics what do we know?
Particle Physics and The Standard Model
ELEMENTARY PARTICLES.
SPH4U Elementary Particles.
Do Now An electron in a hydrogen atoms drops from n=5 to n=4 energy level. What is the energy of the photon in eV? What is the frequency of the emitted.
PHOTONICS What is it?.
From Last Time… Discussed the weak interaction
From Last Time… Discussed the weak interaction
Fundamental Forces.
Fundamental Forces.
Weak interactions.
Propagation and Antennas
Exchange particles And you.
Presentation transcript:

ELECTROWEAK UNIFICATION Ryan Clark, Cong Nguyen, Robert Kruse and Blake Watson PHYS-3313, Fall 2013 University of Texas Arlington December 2, 2013

Introduction The Standard Model ◦ The Four Forces History of Unification Electromagnetism The Weak Force Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking Electroweak Unification Conclusion

The Standard Model of Particle Physics Fig 1. A diagram of all the particle the standard model (minus the Higgs) Source: Fermions (Half integer spin) Quarks Strongly interact Make up hadrons (includes proton and neutron) Leptons Electron, Muon, Tau and Neutrinos Bosons (Whole Integer Spin) Force Carriers Photon, Gluon, and W and Z (Higgs)

The Four Forces of the Standard Model The Strong Force ◦ Holds quarks together inside proton and neutron. ◦ Force carried by gluons. ◦ Strongest known force. The Weak Force ◦ Responsible for beta radiation and neutrino interactions. ◦ Force carried by W ± and Z 0 bosons. Electromagnetism ◦ Unified theory of the electric and magnetic forces. ◦ Responsible for attraction and repulsion between charges. Gravity ◦ Responsible for attraction between masses. ◦ Weakest of all known forces.

History of Unification Newton’s Theory of Universal Gravitation ◦ Unified the motion of the planets with the motion of earthly projectiles. Maxwell’s Theory of Electromagnetism ◦ Unified electricity and magnetism in four fundamental equations ◦ Explained light as an electromagnetic wave.

Electromagnetism The most well-understood force of nature. Force Carrier  Photon ◦ Stable ◦ Massless ◦ Infinite range Approximately times the strength of the strong force Acts only on matter with non-zero charge and/or a non- zero magnetic moment.

The Weak Force First proposed by Enrico Fermi to explain beta decay. Force Carriers  W ± Z 0 o Massive particles o W is charged, Z 0 is neutral o Limited Range ( m) Approximately times as strong as the strong force. Acts on both charged and uncharged particles

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking An Analogy: ◦ Crystal State = High Symmetry ◦ Liquid State = Low Symmetry The early universe existed in a different state from today. ◦ Particles were indistinguishable ◦ The four forces were unified. As the universe cooled, this symmetry was spontaneously broken by the Higgs mechanism. Fig 3. An analogy for Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking using ice crystals. Source :

Electroweak Unification Developed by Weinberg, Salam, and Glashow between 1960 and Central to the unification was the necessary existence of the W and the Z bosons. ◦ m W = 80 GeV/c 2 q W = ±e ◦ m Z = 90 GeV/c 2 q Z = 0 The observation of the Z boson in 1983 confirmed the theoretical predictions. At high enough energies (100 GeV), the coupling strength of electromagnetism and and the weak force becomes the same and the W and Z bosons are indistinguishable from the photon. Spontaneous symmetry breaking explains why the two forces appear different today.

Conclusion The unification of the electromagnetic and weak forces stands as one of the great theoretical achievements of the 21 st century. The theory is a monumental step on the path towards a Grand Unified Theory of physics and a complete understanding of reality.