Rhetoric Using words effectively

Rhetoric Questions Questions with words and phrases like: 1) "...the writer..." 2) "Given that all the choices are true..." 3) "...style and tone..." 4) "...logic and coherence..." 5) "Which choice provides the most..." 6) "Which choice fits..." 7) "The best placement..." are RHETORIC QUESTIONS!

Rhetoric Questions Do what the question asks you to do! "...which choice best accomplishes the writer's goal?" "...deleting the phrase..." "This sentence should be placed..." "Which choice most effectively..."

Rhetoric Questions Keep your focus on the question! When reading the rhetoric questions which ask you to consider making changes to what is written to create a certain effect, underline the key phrase you are to address so as to not lose focus on what the question asks.

2 Step 1) Understand what the question is asking you to do. The writer would like to suggest the potter's cautious pace and sense of anticipation in opening the kiln. Given all the choices are true, which one best accomplishes the writer's goal?

2 Step 1) Understand what the question is asking you to do. The writer would like to suggest the potter's cautious pace and sense of anticipation in opening the kiln. Given all the choices are true, which one best accomplishes the writer's goal?

2 Step 2) Do what the question is asking you to do. In this case, plug in the options. Unbricking a kiln is like uncovering buried treasure. As the potter takes bricks away to create an opening into the oven, an expanding view of gleaming shapes rewards the artist for months of hard work. The writer would like to suggest the potter's cautious pace and sense of anticipation in opening the kiln. Given all the choices are true, which one best accomplishes the writer's goal? F. NO CHANGE G. removes bricks by hand H. removes one brick at a time J. experiences great anticipation and removes bricks

2 Unbricking a kiln is like uncovering buried treasure. As the potter takes bricks away to create an opening into the oven, an expanding view of gleaming shapes rewards the artist for months of hard work. The writer would like to suggest the potter's cautious pace and sense of anticipation in opening the kiln. Given all the choices are true, which one best accomplishes the writer's goal? F. NO CHANGE (boring) G. removes bricks by hand (boring) H. removes one brick at a time (pace & antic.) J. experiences great anticipation and removes bricks (no pace)

63 Parallel Structure Copy the Author's style & keep it consistent Others, salt-encrusted, "sleep" in ancient caverns, waking after centuries to feed and to be bred. A. NO CHANGE B. for breeding. C. to breed D. breeding.

15 In a few days, when the kiln has cooled, Ellen opens the chamber, revealing the results of her labor and of the fire's magic. Each piece shines as it meets the light of day. A. NO CHANGE B. labor, which is the fire's C. labor, of which the fire is D. labor, and the fire is

15 Parallel Structure Copy the Author's style & keep it consistent In a few days, when the kiln has cooled, Ellen opens the chamber, revealing the results of her labor and of the fire's magic. Each piece shines as it meets the light of day. A. NO CHANGE B. labor, which is the fire's C. labor, of which the fire is D. labor, and the fire is

It is her blanket at night, being her pillow for mid- afternoon naps, and her towel after bathing. A. No Change B. used for a pillow for mid-afternoon naps, C. for mid-afternoon naps it is her pillow, D. her pillow for mid-afternoon naps,

Parallel Structure Copy the Author's style & keep it consistent It is her blanket at night, being her pillow for mid- afternoon naps, and her towel after bathing. A. No Change B. used for a pillow for mid-afternoon naps, C. for mid-afternoon naps it is her pillow, D. her pillow for mid-afternoon naps, (more concise too!)

CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS… Show relationships between 2 complete phrases 2 types of relationships shown by Conjunctive Adverbs: Cause and Effect VS. Contrast ThusYet ConsequentlyHowever As a resultRather Therefore Otherwise SoInstead

CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS… Show relationships between 2 complete phrases Cause and Effect I’m thirsty; so I want to drink water. I’m thirsty; therefore, I want to drink water. I’m thirsty. Consequently, I want to drink water. I’m thirsty. Thus, I want to drink water. Contrast I’m thirsty; yet there is no water. I’m thirsty; however, there is no water. *SEMI-COLON or PERIOD before the Conjunctive Adverb

CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS… Show relationships between 2 complete phrases A 3 rd type of relationship shown by Conjunctive Adverbs: Adding Additional Information In addition Also Furthermore And I’m tired; also, I’m hungry. I’m tired; in addition, I’m hungry. I’m tired; furthermore, this class is SO BORING!

Copy Everything: COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS 2 complete phrases joined by a coordinating conjunction use a comma before the coordinating conjunction FFor AAnd NNor BBut OOr YYet SSo

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS 2 complete phrases joined by a coordinating conjunction use a comma before the coordinating conjunction They sleep a lot, for they are always eating. They sleep, and they eat. They don't sleep, nor do they eat. They sleep, but they don't eat. Every day they sleep, or they eat. They sleep, yet they don't eat. He ate a lot, so he slept well.

Copy Red, Yellow, and Green: English & Reading Sections  Don't dwell on hard questions, trust your instincts and move on.  If you skip a question, go back to it before moving on to the next passage.  LEAVE NOTHING BLANK Pick C/H for questions you don't get a chance to look at.

Copy Everything: English Section (5 passages/75 questions/40 min)  On average you have: 1min 30 sec to read each passage 30 sec to answer each question

Copy Red and Yellow: Reading Section (4 passages/40 questions/35 min)  On average you have: 4 passages= 8 min 30 sec per passage 2.5 m to read each passage 35 sec to answer each question 3 passages= 11 min per passage 3.5 m to read each passage 45 sec to answer each question 2 passages= 17 min per passage 5 m to read each passage 1m 10 sec to answer each question  Which section(s) are you going to "skip"? Humanities OR Prose OR Social Science OR Natural Science

DISTRACTER #1: DISTORTIONS Definition: They steal words from the passage (to trick you) but distort the meaning of it. Which of the following are distortions? 1. Tom fell in love with Mary at the movies. 2. Tom loves accompanying Mary to the movies. 3. Tom and Mary love going to the movies. 4. Tom and Mary love watching movies about love. Tom loves going to the movies with Mary.

DISTRACTER #2: SWITCHES Definition: They take the truth and switch it around. How are statements 2 and 3 switches of statement 1? 1. Professor Thorne generally explains a technological discovery first in terms of its history and then in terms of the science on which it was founded. 2. Professor Thorne generally explains a technological discovery first in terms of the science on which it was founded, and then in terms of its history. 3. After Professor Thorne describes the scientific aspects of a technological breakthrough, he explains the historical context in which the breakthrough was made.

DISTRACTER #3: EXTREMES Definition: They indicate that something is always so, invariably so, or never so (including all variations) Which answer choices are extremes? How do you know? F. cannot possibly help patients unless they are completely objective. G. are hopelessly confused over the genesis of mental illness. H. are scientists notwithstanding the uncertainties that surround psychiatry. J. should for the time being treat mental disease in terms of environment. The author believes that practicing psychiatrists:

DISTRACTER #4: CHOICES THAT SOUND TOO “NICE” Definition: They will appeal to you because they sound “nice,” even though they have little to do with the question Which answer do you think is the distracter? A. [Already eliminated] B. Jonathan did not attempt to conceal his participation in maritime abuse. C. Jonathan had a good heart and basically cared for his men. D. [Already eliminated] Jonathan’s listener respected him because he believed:

Writing Section (30 min) Intro. = Outline the essay Discuss context State thesis State counter-argument & why it's wrong Body 1 = Thesis Support thesis (Why is your opinion right?) Give examples Body 2 = Counter-argument Argue against counter-arg. (Why is other side’s opinion wrong?) Give examples Conclusion = Wrap up the essay Re-word intro. Summarize your reasons

If a singular noun ends in 'y', change it to 'ies' to make it plural Party--->Parties Butterfly--->Butterflies *Unless the 'y' comes after a vowel: then just add 's' Monkey--->Monkeys

If a plural noun has possession, use s' That is the butterflies' home = More than one butterfly lives in the home. That is the Obamas' home = More than one Obama lives in the home.