11/16/2015 Starter: 11/16/ Minerals Practice: Notes : minerals Application: Minerals WS Connection: Name some things that you have that are made of minerals Exit : Summarize notes EQ: How can comparing and contrasting help me to understand how matter physically or chemically changes?

Starter Gold ml Because it expands when it freezes 1000 grams15

Agenda  1. Starter  2. Minerals Notes  3.Minerals Ws  4. Exit

Table of Contents DateLecture/ Activity/ Lab Page 10/27 Writing Chemical Formulas /28 Ionic Bonding /29 ChemicalEquations and the Conservation of Mass /30 Balancing Act /02 Balancing Chemical Equations Activity /03 See Saw Poster /4 Law of Conservation of Mass Lab /5 Balancing Equations Review /6 Physical and Chemical Changes Notes /9 Physical and Chemical Properties Lab /10 Balancing Chemical Equations Writing /12 Signs of a Chemical change Video Quiz /13 Physical and Chemical Ws /16 Minerals

Minerals

What is a Mineral?  It must be inorganic – not formed from living things.  It must be found naturally.  It must have a definite chemical composition.  It must be formed of crystals.(# of faces and angles)  Must be a solid

Types of Minerals  Silicates –Minerals that contain silicon and oxygen –90% of the earth’s crust are made of these type of minerals –Ex. Quartz, mica  Non-silicates –Minerals that contain no silicon and oxygen –Ex. Halite, calcite

Properties of Minerals  Color –The color of a mineral is not the best way to identify it. –Color depends on many factors and can change from sample to sample.

Mineral Properties  Luster –Metallic luster; shiny, looks like a metal (gold, silver, copper) –Sub-metallic luster; dull metal finish(lead, hematite) –Non-metallic; waxy, glassy, dull, pearly(quartz, calcite, sulfur)

Types of Luster Metallic Sub-Metallic Non-Metallic

Mineral Properties  Streak –color of a mineral in powdered form –the streak is always the same for a mineral no matter what the surface color is. –streak plates are used to determine the color –some minerals leave no streak

Mineral Properties  Cleavage –The tendency of a mineral to break along specific planes.  Fracture –When a mineral breaks with no set planes.

Mineral Properties  Density –Each mineral has a specific density –Density is the amount of matter in a given space –The more matter in a smaller space the higher the density. –D=m/v

Mineral Properties  Hardness –Hardness is the ability of a mineral to resist being scratched. –Mohs scale of hardness developed by German mineralogist Friedrich Mohs organizes minerals by hardness.

Mohs Scale of Hardness in order from softest to hardest  1 – Talc  2 – Gypsum  3 – Calcite

Mohs Scale of Hardness  4 – Fluorite  5 – Apatite  6 – Orthoclase

Mohs Scale of Hardness  7 – Quartz  8 – Topaz  9 – Corundum  10 – Diamond

Field Hardness Test  1 – easily scratched by fingernail  2 – scratched by fingernail  3 – easily scratched by nail, won’t scratch a copper penny  5 – Hard to scratch with a nail; won’t scratch glass  7 – scratches glass  8-10 – scratches steel

Special Properties of Some minerals  Fluorescence (glows)  Chemical reaction (produces bubbles)  Radioactivity (gives off energy)  Optical properties (can see through them)  Magnetism (attracts things)  Taste-(You should never use taste to identify an unknown mineral)

Ore  Is a combination of minerals that has enough of one type of metal or mineral that it can be extracted. –Example: Galena is an ore for Lead

11/16/2015 Starter: 11/16/ Minerals Practice: Notes : minerals Application: Minerals WS Connection: Name some things that you have that are made of minerals Exit : Summarize notes EQ: How can comparing and contrasting help me to understand how matter physically or chemically changes?