Rovers in Space Joseph T. Wunderlich, Ph.D.. Selected Rovers 1971: NASA “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV) Mars Rovers: –1996: NASA Pathfinder “Sojourner” –2004:

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

7/30/04 Back To The Future Applying Thermal Control Experiences On Apollo Lunar Rover Project To Rovers For The Space Exploration.

Advertisements

Space Exploration Mars Rovers, Apollo program, Voyager satellites, and SETI All Presented by the Peter C Period: 2 (two) As in 1+1=2 Or 2x1=2 ®

6 th International Planetary Probe Workshop, Atlanta, Georgia Short Course on Extreme Environments Technologies 06/ Preliminary - For Discussion.

EUROPA Joseph T. Wunderlich, Ph.D.. Talk Agenda 1977: NASA Voyager : NASA Voyager : NASA Galileo 2020 ESA/NASA Europa Jupiter System Mission”(EJSM)

Chapter 1 Current Space Missions. Cassini-Huygens Website: Launch date: October 1997 Mission: This.

Delivery Systems Joseph T. Wunderlich, Ph.D.. APOLLO 11 SATURN V ROCKET LUANCH VIDEO :

Mysteries of Earth and Mars Mars Facts and Exploration.

History The cold war inspired a space-race between the Soviet Union and the US during 1950’s and 60’s. The Soviet Union became the first country to reach.

Modern Exploration Mars Pathfinder  “NASA’s Mars Pathfinder mission – the first spacecraft to land on Mars in more than 20 years and the first ever to.

Astronomy Tools and The Moon UNIT 11 STANDARDS: NCES 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.1.4, 1.1.5, LESSON 2.

Traveling in Space 1.The Space Agency 2.Unmanned Space Vehicles 3.Manned Space Vehicles 4.Equipment needed in Space 5.The Future of Space Exploration NASA.

DE Science Elementary “5-Minute Prep” For Space: Our Solar System and Beyond Stars and Universe Space Travel.

Space Exploration Timeline

Solar System J. Wunderlich, Ph.D. Image from

Joseph T. Wunderlich, Ph.D.

Dr. Jennifer Rochlis. Overview Build a technology testbed for future rover concepts Develop and demonstrate operations and mission concepts.

Engineering Means having to deal with failure Missions to Mars as an example of try, try, try again…

Space Exploration Timeline

SPACE 1900-a scientist named Tsiolkovsky started testing rockets, Russia was responsible for his project. He is known as the Farther of Russian astronautics.

THE GREAT SPACE RACE TIMELINE a scientist named Tsiolkovsky started testing rockets he didn't construct a single rocket but designed hundreds.

Space Exploration Timeline

Exploring Space Mercury Earth Venus Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune

Space Exploration What have we discovered?. Sputnik 1: Earth’s First Artificial Satellite Launched in 1957 Launched in 1957 Began the “space age” Began.

SPACE TRAVEL Space, the final frontier Astronaut  A person that is trained to be a pilot, navigator or scientist in space.

Exploring outer space Americans began exploring space in the 1960s. Space exploration was significant because it demonstrated America’s great scientific.

Space Exploration Timeline

Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) Entry, Descent, Landing, and Deployment.

Planetary Motion By Carol Greco. Why do planets move the around the sun the way they do? First you need to understand that scientists have discovered.

Delivery Systems Joseph T. Wunderlich, Ph.D.. APOLLO 11 SATURN V ROCKET LUANCH VIDEO :

Space Exploration 1957 Through Explorer ► 74 successful missions ► 4 unsuccessful ► Explorer satellites have made important discoveries:  Earth's.

SPACECRAFTS Lesson 1.3 Mrs. Gianelos. DO NOW: Set up Space Exploration in ISN and copy down this VOCABULARY on right side Satellite: an object that orbits.

Curiosity Rover.

The exploration of Mars has been an important part of the space exploration programs of the Soviet Union. Dozens of robotic spacecrafts, including orbiters,landers.

Mrs. W. Smith Throughout time man has dreamed of space travel. Science fiction movies and books are full of tales about travel to other planets.

Space Exploration Timeline

Mars Exploration Rovers Entry, Descent, Landing and Deployment.

Mars - The Red Planet Image Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech.

Universal Chassis for Modular Ground Vehicles University of Michigan Mars Rover Team Presented by Eric Nytko August 6, 2005 The 2 nd Mars Expedition Planning.

The Space Race Part II The Quest for the Moon.

The Lunar Rover Vehicle Wallace E

Apollo 11 And The Moon Landings. The Crew The Apollo 11 crew from left to right: Neil Armstrong, Commander; Michael Collins, command module pilot; and,

Learning Goals  I will be able to recognize the three main battles of the Space Race.  I will be able to explain the pathway to putting a man on the.

Power Joseph T. Wunderlich, Ph.D.. Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition,

Interlude  Viking mission operations ended in the early 1980s  Viking missions gave scientists the most complete picture of Mars to date. What does this.

NASA’s MOONBUGGY STUDENT COMPETITION On the Grounds of the U.S. Space & Rocket Center Huntsville, Alabama April 8, 2000 Participated by the Senior Design.

Traveling Back to the Moon and Beyond With NASA’s Digital Learning Network (DLN)

NSF North Mississippi GK-8

Brittany Grinner Paul Lim PATHFINDER & SOJOURNER.

May 8, 2014 Apply your engineering design process (EDP) knowledge to what we learned about our space exploration efforts.  Remember: Step 1 of the EDP.

Missions in SPACE!. Before we start…. reports/ /# reports/ /#

After-workshopactivity Mars Rover Challenge Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS.

Space Exploration Timeline By: Emily Landers  1900-The scientist Tsiolkolsky started testing rockets.  1914-The scientist Goddard patented.

The Space Program Highlights and Lowlights by Jeremiah Halstead.

Space Exploration Past, Present, Future. Space Exploration The Big Picture Space exploration is still in infancy. Although we have learned a lot, we still.

Mars - The Red Planet Image Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech.

Space Exploration.

Please copy your homework into your assignment book

Rover Components.

Notes Science SPI 0807.T/E.2 Eng Design Process

History of Space Exploration

Space, the final frontier

Probes A probe is an unmanned, unpiloted spacecraft carrying instruments intended for use in exploration of outer space or celestial bodies other than.

The Space Race:

The space race Record RED info only!.

Mars - The Red Planet Image Courtesy of NASA/JPL-Caltech.

Space Technology and History

Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 6

Natural Sciences and Technology Grade 6

Public Engagement Lead LRO and SAM

Space Exploration Notes

Presentation transcript:

Rovers in Space Joseph T. Wunderlich, Ph.D.

Selected Rovers 1971: NASA “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV) Mars Rovers: –1996: NASA Pathfinder “Sojourner” –2004: NASA “Spirit” & “Opportunity” –2011: NASA Mars Science Lab –2016: ESA “ExoMars” Europa Rover –To hypothetically follow the 20?? ESA/NASA “Europa Jupiter System Mission” )

Our Moon Image from:

Earth and Moon Image from: apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap html apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap html

Lunar Landings Image from: USSR ( ) All unmanned Luna missions USA ( ) Six manned Apollo missions USA ( ) Six unmanned Surveyor missions NOTE: Japan put a satellite in orbit around the moon in 2007 and India sent a probe to moon’s surface in 2008

Lunar Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Concepts & Prototypes 1960’s and 1970’s Bendix Corporation

Lunar Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Concepts & Prototypes Bendix Corporation Dr. Wernher von Braun test driving rover 1960’s and 1970’s

Lunar Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Concepts & Prototypes Bendix Corporation 1960’s and 1970’s

Lunar Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Concepts & Prototypes General Motors Corporation 1960’s and 1970’s

Lunar Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Concepts & Prototypes Grumman Corporation 1960’s and 1970’s

Lunar Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Concepts & Prototypes Grumman Corporation 1960’s and 1970’s Pressurized

Lunar Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Concepts & Prototypes General Motors Corporation 1960’s and 1970’s Pressurized

Lunar Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Concepts & Prototypes General Motors Corporation Wheels 1960’s and 1970’s

Lunar Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Concepts & Prototypes General Motors Corporation Suspension 1960’s and 1970’s

Lunar Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Concepts & Prototypes General Motors Corporation Motors and Wheels 1960’s and 1970’s

Lunar Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Concepts & Prototypes General Motors Corporation Subsystems Validation 1960’s and 1970’s

Lunar Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Concepts & Prototypes Boeing Corporation Subsystems Validation 1960’s and 1970’s

Lunar Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Concepts & Prototypes Pistol-grip hand controller concept 1960’s and 1970’s

Lunar Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Steering info from: Concepts & Prototypes 1960’s and 1970’s Steering (“T-Handle”) Pivot forward = accelerate forward Pivot rearward = accelerate backward Pivot left = turn left Pivot right = turn right Slide handle backward = apply the brake and disengage the throttle Slide controller all the way back = engage the parking brake Switch on handle activated reverse Front and rear wheel steering permitted a very tight turning radius

Lunar Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Concepts & Prototypes 16 mm Camera (in addition to TV Camera) 1960’s and 1970’s

“Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV) Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Final Design 1960’s and 1970’s

“Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV) Image from: Final Design 1960’s and 1970’s

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Final Design Motors Only 0.25 HP ! Moon’s gravity is only 1/6 of earths 1960’s and 1970’s “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Final Design Wheel and Fender Moon dust can create thermal and imaging problems 1960’s and 1970’s “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Final Design Suspension Each motor independently driven 1960’s and 1970’s “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Final Design Controls 1960’s and 1970’s “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Final Design TV Camera (Color) 1960’s and 1970’s “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Final Design Video Processing Lab 1960’s and 1970’s “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Final Design TV Camera TV Communications Relay 1960’s and 1970’s “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Final Design Electrical Surface Properties Antenna 1960’s and 1970’s “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Final Design High-Gain Communications antenna for direct communication with earth 1960’s and 1970’s “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Final Design Low-Gain Communications antenna for communication with Lunar Module (LM) lander 1960’s and 1970’s “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Training Manned missions require much training 1960’s and 1970’s “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Training 1960’s and 1970’s Manned missions require much training “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Training 1960’s and 1970’s Manned missions require much training “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Training 1960’s and 1970’s Manned missions require much training “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Training 1960’s and 1970’s Manned missions require much training “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Training 1960’s and 1970’s Manned missions require much training “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Training 1960’s and 1970’s Manned missions require much training “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Training 1960’s and 1970’s Manned missions require much training “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Training 1960’s and 1970’s Manned missions require much training “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Training In 1971, Training Simulators were in their infancy 1960’s and 1970’s Manned missions require much training “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Delivery Folding up the Rover 1970’s “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Delivery Folding up the Rover 1970’s “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Delivery Folding up the Rover 1970’s “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Delivery Verifying that everything fits 1970’s “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Delivery 1971 “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Houston Control 1971 Delivery “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: spaceflight.nasa.gov/.../apollo/apollo-9-low.htm.spaceflight.nasa.gov/.../apollo/apollo-9-low.htm 1971 Delivery7 Command/ Service Module (CSM) Lunar Module (LM) “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Delivery “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV) Command/Service Module (CSM) and Lunar Module (LM) – LRV folds into side of LM

Image from: Safely landing is always worth celebrating Apollo 11 Lunar Module (LM) with first men on the moon (1969) No rover on this mission

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, On The Moon Safely landing 1971 “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, On The Moon 1971 “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, On The Moon 1971 “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, On The Moon 1971 “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, On The Moon 1971 “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, On The Moon 1971 “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, On The Moon Accessing hand tools 1971 “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, On The Moon Manned Ingenuity and dexterity was needed to fix fender Unmanned missions will likely always have much more difficulty solving this type problem 1971 “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, On The Moon 1971 “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV) WATCH VIDEO VIDEO

Image from: : Part of a special time in Aerospace History 1960’s and 1970’s Apollo Rocket in Rocket Garden of Kennedy Space Center “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV)

Earth and Mars Image from:

Mars Rovers Image from: Concepts & Prototypes 1990’s NASA/JPL “Rocky 3”

Mars Rovers Image from: marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/.../ htmlmarsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/.../ html Concepts & Prototypes 1990’s “Rocky 3”

Mars Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, ’s Final Design Mars Pathfinder “Sojourner”

Mars Rovers 1990’s Final Design Mars Pathfinder “Sojourner” Image from:

Mars Rovers Image from: ’s Final Design Imager (stereo) Imager is on Lander (in addition to small cameras on rover) Mars Pathfinder “Sojourner”

Mars Rovers Image from: ’s Final Design Alpha Proton X-Ray Spectrometer APXS Deployment Mechanism (Arm) Mars Pathfinder “Sojourner”

Mars Rovers Image from: ’s Final Design Atmospheric Structure Instrument/Meteorology Package Instrument is on Lander Mars Pathfinder “Sojourner”

Mars Rovers Image from: ’s Final Design Low-Gain Antennae for Communication between Rover and Lander Mars Pathfinder “Sojourner” High-Gain Antenna for Communication with Earth

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Delivery 1990’s Mars Rovers Mars Pathfinder “Sojourner”

Delivery 1996 Mars Rovers Mars Pathfinder “Sojourner” Image from:

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Delivery 1996 Mars Rovers Mars Pathfinder “Sojourner”

Image from: Delivery 1996 Mars Rovers Mars Pathfinder “Sojourner”

Mars Rovers Image from: Mars Pathfinder “Sojourner” Delivery (Deployment)

Image from: Mars Rovers Mars Pathfinder “Sojourner” Delivery (Deployment)

Mars Rovers Image from: marsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/.../ htmlmarsprogram.jpl.nasa.gov/.../ html On Mars 1996 Mars Pathfinder “Sojourner”

Mars Rovers Image from: Concepts & Prototypes 2000’s NASA/JPL “FIDO”

Mars Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Concepts & Prototypes 2000’s Mars Explorer Rovers (MER) “Spirit” & “Opportunity”

Mars Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Final Design 2000’s “Spirit” & “Opportunity”

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Final Design Mars Rovers 2000’s “Spirit” & “Opportunity”

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Delivery Mars Rovers 2000’s “Spirit” & “Opportunity”

Image from: Delivery Mars Rovers “Spirit” & “Opportunity” 2004

Image from: Delivery Mars Rovers 2004 “Spirit” & “Opportunity”

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Mars Rovers Delivery (Deployment) “Spirit” & “Opportunity”

Mars Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, On Mars (Artist’s Rendering) 2004 “Spirit” & “Opportunity”

Mars Rovers Image from: On Mars (Artist’s Rendering) 2004 “Spirit” & “Opportunity”

Mars Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, On Mars 2004 “Spirit” self-portrait “Spirit” & “Opportunity”

Mars Rovers Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, On Mars 2004 “Spirit” Instrument Deployment arm “Spirit” & “Opportunity”

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, ’s and 2000’s Comparison Mars Rovers Mars Pathfinder “Sojourner” (IN FRONT) vs. Mars Explorer Rovers (MER) “Spirit” and “Opportunity”

Mars Rovers Image from: NEWER Concepts & Prototypes 2000’s NASA/JPL “Rocky 8”

Mars Rovers Image from: ’s Mars Science Lab NEWER Concepts & Prototypes Mars Science Lab “CURIOSITY”

Mars Rovers Image from: ’s NEWER Concepts & Prototypes Mars Science Lab “CURIOSITY”

Mars Rovers Image from: ’s NEWER Concepts & Prototypes Mars Science Lab “CURIOSITY”

Mars Rovers Image from: ’s Nuclear Power NEWER Concepts & Prototypes Mars Science Lab “CURIOSITY”

Mars Rovers Image from: ’s NEWER Concepts & Prototypes Mars Science Lab “CURIOSITY”

Mars Rovers Image from: ’s NEWER Concepts & Prototypes Mars Science Lab “CURIOSITY”

Mars Rovers Image from: ’s NEWER Concepts & Prototypes Mars Science Lab “CURIOSITY”

Mars Rovers Image from: Mars Science Lab “CURIOSITY”

Image from: Delivery Mars Rovers 2000’s Mars Science Lab “CURIOSITY”

Image from: Delivery Mars Rovers 2000’s Mars Science Lab “CURIOSITY”

Image from: Mars Rovers Launched in 2011 Mars Science Lab “CURIOSITY” SEE VIDEO OF OUR RECENT NASA ROVERS NOW ON MARSVIDEO (Spirit, Opportunity, Curiosity) 2011

Mars Rovers Image from: Can go over 35cm obstacles Zero turning radius 5 cm/sec top speed (a football field din 45 minutes) Slow on purpose ! (a football field din 45 minutes) 6-wheel drive, 4-wheel steering Rocker-bogie suspension (and landing gear!) Mars Science Lab “CURIOSITY”

Image from: Young, A.H. Lunar and planetary rovers: the wheels of Apollo and the quest for mars, Springer; 1 edition, August 1, Image from: ’s to 2000’s Comparison Rovers Wheels Wheels of Mars Rovers: (smallest) “Sojourner” (medium) “Spirit” & “Opportunity” (Largest) Mars Science Lab Lunar Rover Wheels (not to scale with Mars Rover wheels)

Mars Rovers Image from: ’s and 2010’s European Space Agency ( ESA) “ExoMars” Rover NEWER Concepts & Prototypes

Mars Rovers Image from: ’s and 2010’s NEWER Concepts & Prototypes European Space Agency ( ESA) “ExoMars” Rover

Mars Rovers Image from: ’s and 2010’s European Space Agency ( ESA) “ExoMars” Rover NEWER Concepts & Prototypes

Mars Rovers Image from: ’s and 2010’s European Space Agency ( ESA) “ExoMars” Rover NEWER Concepts & Prototypes

Mars Rovers Image from: ’s and 2010’s It has a drill ! European Space Agency ( ESA) “ExoMars” Rover NEWER Concepts & Prototypes

Image from: Mars Rovers 2000’s and 2010’s European Space Agency ( ESA) “ExoMars” Rover NEWER Concepts & Prototypes

Image from: Mars Rovers 2016 Scheduled for launch in 2016 (orbiter, surface payload) and 2018 (rover) BY RUSSIA European Space Agency ( ESA) “ExoMars” Rover

Europa Rover Europa is a moon of Jupiter covered in ice And it almost certainly has a liquid ocean beneath the ice Image from: Future?

Moon and Europa compared to Earth Image from: Image:Mercury_Earth_Comparison.png, Image:Full Moon Luc Viatour.jpg and Image:Europa-moon.jpg by --CWitte Image:Mercury_Earth_Comparison.pngImage:Full Moon Luc Viatour.jpgImage:Europa-moon.jpgCWitte

Europa (Cracks in the ice – and an ocean below) Image from:

Selected Rovers 1971: NASA “Lunar Roving Vehicle” (LRV) Mars Rovers: –1996: NASA Pathfinder “Sojourner” –2004: NASA “Spirit” & “Opportunity” –2011: NASA Mars Science Lab –2016: ESA “ExoMars” Europa Rover –To hypothetically follow the 20?? ESA/NASA “Europa Jupiter System Mission” ) that was unfortunately postponed/canceled