Spheres of the Earth Atmosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere Weather Dynamics Unit Science 10 Mrs. S. Pipke-Painchaud

Hydrosphere All of the ___________ on planet Earth “___% of the earth is covered by water and only 29% is terra firma” (University of Florida). “______ Planet” – water is not found on any other planets in our solar system. “It is because the Earth has just the right mass, the right chemical composition, the right atmosphere, and is the right distance from the Sun (the “_________" principle) that permits water to exist mainly as a liquid” (U of F). osphere.html

The great variety of surface temperatures and pressures allows water to exist in all three states.  Solid = _____________  Liquid = _____________  Gas = _________________ The ________________ contain most of the water (approx million cubic metres) The ___________ heat capacity of water and the ___________ volumes of water “_________ the Earth surface from large temperature changes such as those observed on the moon” (U of F Hydrosphere). “Water is the universal _____________ and the basis of all _______ on our Planet” (U of F Hydrosphere). “Benjamin Franklin to comment[ed] "When the well's dry, we know the worth of water.“” (U of F Hydrosphere).  Source: University of Florida Hydrosphere

Hydrosphere Cont’d Water in the ocean:  Equator = __________ water (like a warm bath)  Near Poles = _________ (can freeze into icebergs)  ETE – Hydrosphere shipmates/temperature. html

Ocean Temperatures Updated Daily:

Antarctic Water Temperatures:

Atmosphere Contains ________, _________, Carbon dioxide and __________ vapour Extend _____________ km above the surface of the Earth Climate is determined by the interactions occurring here _________ protects from UV rays  Source: University of Florida Atmosphere

“Since the Industrial Revolution, man has been _______________ the composition of the atmosphere by the burning of ________________” (U of F Atmosphere). Greenhouse Gases include: (concerns include the rising levels of greenhouse gases)  _______________, _______________, nitrous oxide, and ____________________________  “these "greenhouse" gases _____________ heat energy emitted from the earth surface and ____________ global temperatures (global warming)” (U of F Atmosphere).  “In addition, chloroflurocarbons are effective at depleting the Earth's ______________ shield that protects the earth surface from the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation” (U of F Atmosphere).  Source: University of Florida Atmosphere

Lithosphere (Geosphere) Greek for _________ sphere ___________ outermost shell of the planet including the crust and upper layers of the mantle.  Wikipedia Lithosphere Solid earth  Oceanic crust  __________________ crust  Interior of the earth “___________ percent of the earth is composed of the elements oxygen, _____, silica, and magnesium” (U of F Geosphere). Is always changing (________ _________/ Continental Drift)  Source: University of Florida Geosphere Plates of the Earth: dia/commons/d/dc/Tectonic_plate s.png

Asthenosphere The ____________ layer under the lithosphere. Plastic like layer (fluid rock movement) ________________ km deep into the Earth (or up to 400 km) The ridged lithosphere __________ on this layer, which conducts heat up to the plates. Fault lines and breaks occur in the lithosphere because it is _____________.  Source: Wikipedia Asthenosphere

Cryosphere All of the __________ and _________ on earth Majority of ice is found at the poles  ______________  _______________  Giant icecaps in Antarctica and Greenland _______________ years ago = colder climate = huge ice sheets covered the surface of the earth  Most of North America and ______________ were covered During the age of the dinosaurs the climate was warm and much of the ice had melted and disappeared.  Earth Floor Cryosphere

Biosphere The “______________ zone” of earth. Includes all _____________ organisms (all organic matter that has not decomposed.) _________________ govern the transfer of energy  Producers  Consumers  Secondary Consumers  Tertiary Consumers  U Of F – Biosphere By looking at the surface of the earth you can readily distinguish the different areas  i.e. deserts, forests  These areas are called __________________.  Earth Floor Biosphere

Surface of the Earth from Space - Notice the different colors, which indicated different biomes. Can you identify the desert? Forests?

To Do... Read over Section 13.8 Hydrosphere  Draw a simplified diagram of the water cycle (be sure to include all of the important terms. Define any of the terms that you use in your diagram  Complete questions: Page 524 #s  2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8

Sources University of Florida Earth System Science Program  Introduction.html Introduction.html  Hydrosphere:  Geosphere:  Biosphere

Sources Continued... Wikipedia  Lithosphere  Asthenosphere Exploring the Environment  Earth Floor Hydrosphere  Earth Floor Cryosphere  Earth Floor Biosphere